Valid Names Results

Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana, 1902) (Diaspididae: Lepidosaphes)

Nomenclatural History

Mytilaspis newsteadi tokionis Kuwana 1902: 81. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, green-house, on Codiaeum sp.. Syntypes, unknown, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; accepted valid name Illustr.
Lepidosaphes newsteadi tokionis (Kuwana, 1902); Fernald 1903b: 312. change of combination
Mytilaspis auriculata Green 1907: 205-206. Type data: SEYCHELLES: on Croton sp.. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1942, SIV-398). Illustr.
Lepidosaphes auriculata (Green, 1907); Sanders 1909a: 56. change of combination
Lepidosaphes tokionis (Kuwana, 1902); Takahashi 1935: 21. change in status (level)
Lepidosaphes lasianthi; Wolcott 1936: 142. misidentification (discovered by Martor1976, 75).
Lepidosaphes lasianthi; Ferris 1938a: 145. misidentification (discovered by Beards1966, 545).
Insulaspis tokionis (Kuwana, 1902); Borchsenius 1963: 1173. change of combination

Common Names

Croton mussel scale Arnett1985
croton scale VelasqRi1969

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 7 | Genera: 10

Araceae

Anthurium | Heu2002 Nakaha1981a

Asparagaceae

Cordyline fruticosa | Heu2002 Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)
Dracaena | Suh2016
Sansevieria | Suh2016

Euphorbiaceae

Codiaeum | Heu2002 Kuwana1902 MacharKiHe2021
Codiaeum variegatum | Heu2002 Kuwana1902 Nakaha1981a | including var. pictum
Croton | Green1907
Croton tiglium | Tao1999

Malvaceae

Gossypium | Watson2002a WilliaWa1988

Myrtaceae

Psidium guajava | PowellZeMi2024

Rutaceae

Citrus maxima | WilliaWa1988

Solanaceae

Capsicum | Beards1966

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 2

Aphelinidae

Aphytis chrysomphali | Zimmer1948
Encarsia citrina | Zimmer1948 | (= Aspidiotiphagus citrinus)

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 34

Australia | Mamet1943a

South Australia | Brooke1957

Barbados | Mamet1943a

Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990

Costa Rica | JansenAl2023

Cuba | Takagi1970

Federated States of Micronesia

Yap | Beards1966

Fiji | Hinckl1963

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006 Meurge2011

Guam | Beards1966

Hawaiian Islands | Mamet1943a

India

Tamil Nadu | Ali1969a
West Bengal | Green1919c

Indonesia

Java | Ali1969a
Sulawesi (=Celebes) | WatsonMuSh2014

Japan | Kuwana1902

Honshu | Kuwana1902

Kenya | MacharKiHe2021

Madagascar | Kuwana1902

Mexico | Takagi1970

Guerrero | Ferris1942
Sinaloa | Ferris1942

Mozambique | Almeid1971

Palau | Beards1966

Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1988

Philippines

Luzon | Ali1969a

Poland | LagowsGo2020

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Wolcot1936

Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957 WilliaWi1988

Saint Lucia | Malump2014a

Seychelles | Green1907

Singapore | Mamet1943a

Sri Lanka | Mamet1943a

Suriname | JansenAl2023

Taiwan | Tao1978

Thailand | Ali1969a

Tonga | WilliaWa1988

United States

California | McKenz1956
Mississippi | Ferris1938a

Western Samoa | WilliaWa1988

Zanzibar | Mamet1956

Keys

PowellZeMi2024: pp.21 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to slide-mounted Lepidosaphes]
SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted females)]
Watson2002a: pp. ( Adult (F) ) [Expert system on a cd]
WatsonDuLi2000a: pp. ( Adult (F) ) [Expert system on a CD]
ColonFMe1998: pp.105 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes of Puerto Rico]
Gill1997: pp.168 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Lepidosaphes]
WilliaWa1988: pp.144 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes of the South Pacific Region]
Beards1966: pp.535 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to known Micronesian species of Lepidosaphes]
Mamet1959a: pp.381 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes in Madagascar]
McKenz1956: pp.32 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]
Zimmer1948: pp.418 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes reported in Hawaii] Key as: Lepidosaphes tokionis
Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:56 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Lepidosaphes]

Remarks

Systematics: Lepidosaphes tokionis is recognizable by the development of cephalic lobes on the anterior prosoma and by the acute median pygidial lobes which are serrate on mesal margin (McKenzie, 1956). Takahashi (1936-1941) misidentified L. tokionis as L. lasianthi (Beardsley, 1966).
Structure: Adult female body slender, with the lateral sides almost parallel; head with a more or less pronounced lobe on each side; basal 4 abdominal segments moderately lobed laterally; pygidium rather broad, trapezoidal (Takagi, 1970).
Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest.
General Remarks: Detailed redescription by Takagi (1970).

Illustrations

PowellZeMi2024

Citations

Ali1969a: distribution, host, 53-54
Almeid1971: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12-13
Arnett1985: economic importance, 242
Balach1954e: taxonomy, 84, 92
Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 535, 545-546
Borchs1963: taxonomy, 1173
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 67
Brooke1957: distribution, host, taxonomy, 83
Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 386
ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 109-110
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 292
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 312
Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SII-145
Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, SIV-398, SIV-445:56
Fleury1935a: distribution, host, 24
Fleury1938: distribution, host, 21, 83
Frogga1914: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 606
Frogga1915: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 34
Fullaw1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 245
Fullaw1932: distribution, host, taxonomy, 95, 100
GermaiAtBa2008: distribution, 129-135
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 23
Gill1997: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 168, 175, 187
Green1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 204, 205-206
Green1919c: distribution, host, 446
Green1922: distribution, host, 463
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 327
Heu2002: distribution, host, 35
Hinckl1963: distribution, host, 48
HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 7
HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 25
Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 153
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27
JoshiBaBh2024: diagnosis, 5
Kawai1980: distribution, taxonomy, 242
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 23
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 17
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 81-82
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 202
Kuwana1925a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 69
Leonar1903: distribution, host, taxonomy, 108
Lindin1957: taxonomy, 550
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 282
MacharKiHe2021: distribution, host, 5
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 77
MalumpHaSa2012: distribution, host, 7
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 162
Mamet1956: distribution, host, 138
Mamet1957: distribution, 369
Mamet1959a: distribution, taxonomy, 381
Marlat1921a: distribution, host, 19
Matile1978: taxonomy, 55
McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 32, 127, 130
Medler1980: distribution, 89
Meurge2011: distribution, 81
Miller2005: distribution,
MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 303
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 400
Nishid2002: catalog, 142
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 24, 59, S6
PerezG2008: distribution, 215
PooleGe1997: distribution, 349
PowellZeMi2024: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, 4, 9, 14, 18, 21
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 360
RaoKu1952: distribution, host, taxonomy, 10
Sander1909a: catalog, distribution, host, 56
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 319, 328
SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
Takagi1970: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 6-7
Takaha1935: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21-22
Tang2001: taxonomy, 4
Tao1978: distribution, host, 95
Tao1999: distribution, host, 93
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 49
VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 197
Watson2001: list, 177
Watson2002: taxonomy, 117
Watson2021: distribution, 523
WatsonMuSh2014: distribution, 1595
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 218
WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 144, 168-170
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, taxonomy, 67
Wolcot1936: catalog, distribution, host, 142
Wolcot1948: distribution, host, 177
Yang1982: distribution, host, taxonomy, 221
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 166
Zimmer1948: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 418, 426