Valid Names Results
Diaspidiotus forbesi (Johnson, 1896) (Diaspididae: Diaspidiotus)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus forbesi Johnson 1896: 151. Type data: U.S.A.: Illinois, locality not indicated, on cherry, currant, apple, peach, pear and honey locust.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) forbesi Johnson, 1896; Cockerell 1897i: 21. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Aspidiella) forbesi Johnson, 1896; Leonardi 1898a: 63. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) fernaldi hesperius Cockerell 1902: 450. Type data: U.S.A.: Arizona, Prescott, on bark of an undetermined bush; collected May 1902.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 330).
- Aspidiotus fernaldi hesperius Cockerell, 1902; Fernald 1903b: 259. change of combination
- Diaspidiotus forbesi (Johnson, 1896); Cockerell 1905b: 202. change of combination
- Forebesaspis forbesi (Johnson, 1896); MacGillivray 1921: 388. change of combination
- Forbesaspis (Aspidiotus) forbesi (Johnson, 1896); Borchsenius 1935a: 31. change of combination
- Quadraspidiotus forbesi (Johnson, 1896); Ferris 1938a: 255. change of combination
- Aspidiotus hesperius Cockerell, 1902; Ferris 1938a: 190. change of combination and rank
- Aspidiotus (Quadraspidiotus) forbesi Johnson, 1896; Merrill 1953: 20. change of combination
- Diaspidiotus fobesi (Johnson, 1896); Borchsenius 1966: 330. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspidiotus forbesi (Johnson, 1896); Borchsenius 1966: 330. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
- cherry Aspidiotus Johnso1896
- cherry scale Brain1918 Hollin1923 MerrilCh1923
- Forbes scale Dekle1965c McKenz1956 MillerDa2005
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 13 | Genera: 22
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum | BesheaTiHo1973
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | BesheaTiHo1973
- Ilex aquifolium | McKenz1956
- Ilex opaca | BesheaTiHo1973
- Betulaceae
- Betula nigra | BesheaTiHo1973
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | Ferris1938a McKenz1956
- Cornaceae
- Cornus | BesheaTiHo1973 Dekle1965c
- Nyssa sylvatica | BesheaTiHo1973
- Ericaceae
- Oxydendrum arboreum | BesheaTiHo1973
- Fabaceae
- Gleditsia triacanthos | BesheaTiHo1973
- Juglandaceae
- Carya illinoinensis | Dekle1965c Ferris1938a McKenz1956 | (= Hicoria pecan)
- Oleaceae
- Chionanthus virginicus | BesheaTiHo1973
- Jasminum | Martor1976
- Ligustrum | Ferris1938a McKenz1956
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus | Ferris1938a McKenz1956
- Rosaceae
- Crataegus | McDani1970 MerrilCh1923 Wilson1917
- Cydonia | Ferris1938a
- Cydonia oblonga | McKenz1956
- Malus domestica | Ferris1938a | (= Pyrus malus)
- Malus pumila | McKenz1956
- Prunus | Balach1958b BesheaTiHo1973 Dekle1965c Ferris1938a McKenz1956
- Prunus cerasus | Ferris1938a McKenz1956
- Prunus domestica | Brain1918 Ferris1938a
- Prunus persica | Ferris1938a
- Pyrus | Dekle1965c
- Rosaceae | BesheaTiHo1973
- Sorbus americana | RosenDe1979 | (= Pyrus americana)
- Sapindaceae
- Acer pseudoplatanus | MerrilCh1923 Wilson1917
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix | BicheArMe2022
Foes:
Families: 7 | Genera: 12
- Acaridae
- Thyreophagus entomophagus | Koszta1996
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus clisiocampae | Gordh1979
- Aphytis diaspidis | Koszta1996
- Aphytis proclia | RosenDe1979
- Coccophagoides fasciativentris | Gordh1979 | (= Prospaltella fasciativentris)
- Diaspiniphagus forbesi | Gordh1979 | (= Prospaltella forbesi)
- Diaspiniphagus murtfeldtii | Felt1901 Gordh1979 Koszta1996 | (= Prospaltella murtfeldtiae)
- Encarsia aurantii | Felt1901 Gordh1979 | (= Prospaltella aurantii)
- Marietta pulchella | Gordh1979
- Cymbaeremaeidae
- Scapheremaeus marginalis | Koszta1996
- Encyrtidae
- Arrhenophagus chionaspidis | Gordh1979
- Hemisarcoptidae
- Hemisarcoptes malus | GersonOcHo1990 SummerHa1951
- Oribatulidae
- Zygoribatula pyrostigmata | Koszta1996
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora pulcher | Woolle1990
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 6
- Algeria | BicheArMe2022
- Canada | Nakaha1982
- Mexico | Ferris1938a
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | ColonFMe1998 Martor1976
- South Africa | Balach1958b Brain1918 BrainKe1917
- United States
- Alabama | WaltmaRaWi2016
- Arizona | Cocker1902k Ferris1938a
- California | McKenz1956
- Florida | Dekle1965c Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 Wilson1917
- Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973 TippinBe1970
- Illinois | Johnso1896
- Kansas | Hunter1899
- Mississippi | Herric1911
- Missouri | Hollin1923
- Ohio | RosenDe1979
- Texas | Herric1911
Keys
- NucifoWaRu2020: pp.589 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspidiotus on Betulaceae]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-36 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.243 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of California]
- Koszta1996: pp.575 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- McKenz1956: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: California]
- Ferris1942: pp.39 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Britto1923: pp.371 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Connecticut]
- Hollin1923: pp.7-8 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Missouri]
- Brain1918: pp.124 ( Adult (F) ) [South Africa]
- Lawson1917: pp.217 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Kansas]
- DietzMo1916a: pp.289-290 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Indiana ]
- Cocker1905b: pp.202 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Colorado]
- Newell1899: pp.4-5 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Structure: Scale of the female gray, elongate oval, high convex, the exuviae toward one end; scale of the male elongate, exuvia toward one end (Ferris, 1938a).
- Biology: Occurring on the bark (Ferris, 1938a).
- Economic Importance: A pest of forest and fruit trees in North America (Davidson & Miller, 1990).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Brain (1918), Ferris (1938a), McKenzie (1956), Balachowsky (1958b), Kosztarab (1996), Gill (1997) and by Colon-Ferrer & Medina-Gaud (1998).
Illustrations
Citations
- Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 210-212
- BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 105
- BeardsGo1975: economic importance, 49
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 364-367
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 7-8
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 500
- Borchs1935a: taxonomy, 31
- Borchs1937a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 53-54
- Borchs1966: catalog, 329-330
- Boynto1901: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 347
- Brain1918: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 124
- BrainKe1917: distribution, 183
- Bray1974: description, distribution, host, life history, 1-33
- Brick1912: distribution, host, 1-22
- Britto1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 371,373
- Britto1923b: distribution, host,
- Chandl1950: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 398
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 5,21
- Cocker1902k: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 450
- Cocker1905b: taxonomy, 202
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 79-80
- DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 124
- Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 143
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 302-303
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 116
- Drake1935: control, distribution, host, 83-91
- Felt1901: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 330-331
- Fernal1903b: 259-260
- Ferris1937c: illustration, taxonomy, 51,73
- Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 190,256
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 43-44
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:39
- Garcia1931a: biological control, distribution, host, 659-669
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 237
- GersonOcHo1990: biological control, 77-97
- Gill1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 243,247
- Gordh1979: biological control, 897,899,907,908,929
- Harned1928: distribution, host, 23-24
- Headle1929: distribution, host, 125
- Herric1911: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 9,15-16,49
- Herric1925: description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history,
- Hollin1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11-12
- Hunter1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 3-4
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 25
- Jarvis1908TD: taxonomy, 59
- JiYa1990: biological control, 134-136
- Johnso1896: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 151
- Johnso1898: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 82-83
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 15
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 575-577
- Kozar1990c: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 593-602
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 226-228
- Leonar1898: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-64
- Lyne1921: distribution, 146-148
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 388,422
- Mackie1934: distribution, host, 396
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 151
- McDani1970: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 429-431
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 79-81
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 20-21
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 201
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 305
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 151-153
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 77
- Newell1899: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14-16
- NewellRo1908: distribution, host, 150-155
- NucifoWaRu2020: key, 589
- RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 377-383
- Sander1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 57,60
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 484
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- Staffo1915: structure, taxonomy, 71
- Sulliv1930: distribution, host, 51-59
- SummerHa1951: biological control, distribution, host, 818
- Takagi1958: taxonomy, 127
- TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 11
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 223
- Wilson1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14-15
- Woolle1990: biological control, 167-176