Valid Names Results
Ceroplastes brevicauda Hall, 1931 (Coccidae: Ceroplastes)Nomenclatural History
- Ceroplastes destructor brevicauda Hall 1931: 293. Type data: ZIMBABWE: Mazoe, Sinoia and Umtali, on Citrus aurantium, Toddalia asiatica, and on Cedrela toona.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Notes: Lectotype female. designated in Hodgson & Peronti, 2012: Zimbabwe [Southern Rhodesia]: upper label, scratched onto glass: Ceroplastes / destructor var. / brevicauda Hall / Citrus / aurantium / (Lu Rha / branches) / Mazoe / WJH 1/9/27; and lower stuck-on label: TYPE / 14.iii.30 / WJH (BMNH): 1/2ad..
- Ceroplastes brevicauda Hall, 1931; De Lotto 1955: 267. change in status (level)
- Gascardia brevicauda (Hall, 1931); De Lotto 1965a: 196. change of combination
- Ceroplastes luteolus; De Lotto 1965a: 196. incorrect synonymy (discovered by HodgsoPe2012, 50).
- Ceroplastes brevicauda Hall, 1931; Hodgson, Williams & Giliomee 2009: 103. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
- Citrus wax scale PerontKo2022
- Escama de cera de los cítricos PerontKo2022
- sitruswasdopluis PerontKo2022
- white wax scale PerontKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 18 | Genera: 31
- Anacardiaceae
- Schinus molle | DeLott1965a Hodgso1969
- Sclerocarya birrea | Hodgso1969 | (= Sclerocarya caffra)
- Searsia anchietae | Hodgso1969 | (= Rhus anchietae)
- Searsia dentata | Hodgso1969 | (= Rhus dentata)
- Apocynaceae
- Acokanthera oppositifolia | DeLott1965a | (= Acokanthera longiflora)
- Allamanda | Hodgso1969
- Nerium oleander | DeLott1965a
- Rauvolfia caffra | Hodgso1969
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Hodgso1969
- Arecaceae
- Elaeis guineensis | HodgsoPe2012
- Asteraceae
- Bidens pilosa | DeLott1965a
- Chrysanthemum | HodgsoPe2012
- Bignoniaceae
- Markhamia lutea | DeLott1955 | (= Markhamia platycalyx)
- Burseraceae
- Dacryodes edulis | HodgsoPe2012
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Cillie1967
- Cajanus cajan | Cillie1967 | (= Cajanus indicus)
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthaceae | EtiennMa1993
- Meliaceae
- Cedrela | HodgsoPe2012
- Khaya anthotheca | Hodgso1969 | (= Khaya nyasica)
- Melia azedarach | Hodgso1969
- Toona hexandra | Hall1931 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Moraceae
- Ficus lutea | CouturMaRi1985
- Myricaceae
- Myrica serrata | Hodgso1969
- Myrtaceae
- Syzygium cordatum | Hodgso1969
- Phyllanthaceae
- Uapaca kirkiana | Hodgso1969
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum viridiflorum | Hodgso1969
- Plumbaginaceae
- Plumbago | Hodgso1969
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | Almeid1973b
- Coffea arabica | Almeid1973b DeLott1955 DeLott1965a DeLott1967a
- Coffea canephora | DeLott1965a DeLott1967a | (= Coffea robusta)
- Coffea stenophylla | Almeid1973b DeLott1965a
- Gardenia | Hodgso1969
- Phyllopentas schimperi | Hodgso1969 | (= Pentas schimperana)
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | DeLott1965a
- Citrus aurantium | DeLott1965a Hall1931 Hodgso1969 | (= Citrus sinensis)
- Citrus maxima | DeLott1955
- Toddalia asiatica | Hall1931
Foes:
Families: 6 | Genera: 15
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus catherinae | PerontKo2022
- Marietta connecta | PerontKo2022
- Marietta leopardina | PerontKo2022
- Coccinellidae
- Cheilomenes lunata | PerontKo2022
- Encyrtidae
- Aloencyrtus angustifrons. | PerontKo2022
- Aloencyrtus umbrinus | PerontKo2022
- Anasemion inutile | PerontKo2022
- Anicetus communis | PerontKo2022
- Anicetus parvus | PerontKo2022
- Bothriophryne fuscicornis | PerontKo2022
- Cheiloneurus obscurus | PerontKo2022
- Diversinervus elegans | PerontKo2022
- Metaphycus stanleyi | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus utibilis | TavareSaDa2019
- Metaphycus vanderplanki | TavareSaDa2019
- Tremblaya oleae | PerontKo2022
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus ceroplastae | PerontKo2022
- Noctuidae
- Autoba costimacula | PerontKo2022
- Coccidiphaga scitula | PerontKo2022
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | PerontKo2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 23
- Angola | Almeid1973b DeLott1965a DeLott1967a
- Benin | HodgsoPe2012
- Cameroon | HodgsoPe2012
- Central African Republic | HodgsoPe2012
- Comoros | HodgsoPe2012
- Congo | HodgsoPe2012
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1993
- Eritrea | DeLott1965a
- Gabon | HodgsoPe2012
- Guinea | HodgsoPe2012
- Kenya | HodgsoPe2012
- Malawi | Hodgso1969
- Nigeria | HodgsoPe2012
- Rwanda | HodgsoPe2012
- Sao Tome and Principe
- Sao Tome | HodgsoPe2012
- Senegal | EtiennMa1993
- Sierra Leone | HodgsoPe2012
- South Africa | Cillie1967 DeLott1965a
- Sudan | HodgsoPe2012
- Tanzania | HodgsoPe2012
- Uganda | DeLott1965a
- Zambia | Hodgso1969
- Zimbabwe | DeLott1965a Hall1931 Hodgso1969
Keys
- HodgsoPe2012: pp.49 ( ) [Key to adult females of C. destructor-group]
- HodgsoWiGi2009: pp.102-104 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceroplastes species of South Africa]
Remarks
- Systematics: Ceroplastes brevicauda differs from C. destructor in the following points: 1. Denuded of wax the adult female, instead of being more or less pyriform in outline, is very nearly circular. It is very highly convex and uniformly rounded - only very slightly longer than broad. Lateral tubercles entirely absent. 2. The caudal process is rudimentary, being represented by a very small triangular projection. In C. destructor, the caudal process is half as long as the body and stout. 3. In old females, the deris is uniformly chitinised except for a small area round the base of the caudal process. This small hyaline area is characteristic and distinguishes it at once from C. destructor and other Ceroplastes species, with the exception of C. helichrysi. (Hall, 1931) De Lotto (1965) synonymised C. luteolus with C. brevicauda. It is clear that these 2 species are very similar but Hodgson & Peronti, 2012, determined that they should be considered distinct. In particular, the caudal process on C. brevicauda is never more than rather weakly sclerotised whereas on C. luteolus it is strongly sclerotised, even on young specimens (e.g., holotype).
- Structure: Ceroplastes brevicauda has a thick white wax test, irregular to globose in dorsal view, very soft and not divided into plates. Slide-mounted adult females body roundly oval and convex, 1.8–4.0 mm long; dorsal cuticle becoming moderately sclerotized with age, except caudal process, which is only lightly sclerotized in young specimens. (Peronti & Kondo, 2022)
- Biology: Cilliers (1967) studied the biology and natural enemies in South Africa. Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1968).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration in Hodgson & Peronti, 2012.
Illustrations
Citations
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 4
- Bedfor1973: biological control, 4-11
- BenDov1993: catalog, 22-23
- Cillie1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 1-59
- Cillie2001: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 162-164
- CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 275
- DeLott1965a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 196-199
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 111
- EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 255
- Hall1931: distribution, host, 293-294
- HallFo1933: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-55
- Hodgso1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 23-24
- HodgsoPe2012: description, distribution, host, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 50-53,241
- HodgsoWiGi2009: taxonomy, 102-104
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 44
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- LePell1968: distribution, host,
- Matile1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 175-176
- PerontKo2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, taxonomy, 230-232
- QinGu1995: taxonomy, 302
- QinGuBe1994: taxonomy, 541-549
- RosaPeSo2011: structure, 19
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 209
