Valid Names Results

Crisicoccus pini (Kuwana, 1902) (Pseudococcidae: Crisicoccus)

Nomenclatural History

• Dactylopius pini Kuwana 1902: 54. Type data: JAPAN: Kyushu, Koishiwara, on Pinus sp. and in Tokyo, Nishigahara Agricultural Experiment Station, on Pinus pentaphylla. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; accepted valid name
• Pseudococcus pini (Kuwana, 1902); Fernald 1903b: 107. change of combination
• Crisicoccus pini (Kuwana, 1902); Ferris 1950b: 46. change of combination

Common Names

• Kuwana pine mealybug Koszta1996 McKenz1967

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 1 | Genera: 4

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 4

Associates:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Geographic Distribution

Keys

• TanakaKa2022b: pp.567 ( Adult (F) ) [Japanese Crisicoccus species]
• DanzigGa2015: pp.199-200 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic Crisicoccus species]
• KwonDaPa2003a: pp.403 ( Adult (F) ) [Crisicoccus species of South Korea]
• Koszta1996: pp.94 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North USA]
• Tang1992: pp.348 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]
• TuWuLe1988: pp.74 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
• Kawai1980: pp.107 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
• McKenz1967: pp.125 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
• Ferris1953a: pp.304 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]

Remarks

• Systematics: GeneBank Accession No. AB439515 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009).

  Crisicoccus pini is similar to C. azaleae in having a small number of cerarii (< 13 pairs) and only one size of oral collar tubular ducts. C. pini differs from C. azaleae in the following morphological characteristics (contrasting characteristics of C. pini are given in parentheses): (i) a circulus usually present between abdominal segments III and IV on the venter (circulus always lacking); (ii) presence of spiniform and mostly straight dorsal setae (dorsal setae are mostly flagellate and slightly curved); and (iii) thoracic segments with a few ventral oral collar tubular ducts (thoracic segments without ventral oral collar tubular ducts). In particular, C. azaleae is characterized by straight, spiniform dorsal setae, which are significantly different from the curved flagellate setae in C. pini. (Tanaka & Kamitani, 2022b)

• Structure: Colour photograph given by Paik (1978). Female body broadly oval,up to 3.5 mm long. Antennae 8-segmented. Circulus absent. Multilocular pores located in medial zone of five posterior abdomial sternites. Tubular ducts of two sizes. Cerarii forming 6-7 pairs; crarian setae conical, rather thin. (Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2015) The mealybugs secrete a mealy white wax that covers the body (Boselli and Pellizzari, 2016). Mature adult females produce white felt-like wax that envelopes the body. The waxy deposits and felt-like covering contrast with black sooty moulds associated with the mealybug colonies, making the mealybug infestations conspicuous. (EFSA2021g)
• Biology: Occurring amongst the growing needles of pine. The mealybugs feed and develop among the growing pine needles; as a consequence, the needles become yellowish and partially necrotic and the presence of white wax becomes apparent. Mealybugs excrete honeydew with subsequent development of sooty moulds. Nymphs overwinter, usually in bark crevices, and become active in the spring, migrating to the new needle growth. It has two generations each year with adult female numbers peaking at the end of May–beginning of June, and end of September–beginning of October. Each female lays about 50 eggs in the ovisac/felt-like wax covering. In the autumn, most of the nymphs migrate from the needles onto the branches, or the lower part of the trunk, to overwinter. (EFSA2021g)
• Economic Importance: Gill reported (in Kosztarab, 1996) that it was becoming a pest of ornamental pines in California.
• General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by Ferris (1950b), Ezzat & McConnell (1956), McKenzie (1967), Tu et al. (1988), Kosztarab (1996) and by Danzig & Gavrilov (2010).

Illustrations

Citations