Valid Names Results

Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger, 1905) (Diaspididae: Salicicola)

Nomenclatural History

Leucaspis (Salicicola) kermanensis Lindinger 1905: 253-254. Type data: IRAN: Kerman, on Populus euphratica, Salix persica and S. zygostemon. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Hamburg: Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat von Hamburg, Germany; accepted valid name
Fiorinia africana Newstead 1911: 90-91. Type data: EGYPT: Gizeh, gardens of the Horticultural Society, on Populus sp., ?/03/1910, by F.C. Willcocks. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1936, 159). Illustr.
Crypthemichionaspis africana (Newstead, 1911); Lindinger 1912b: 270. change of combination
Leucaspis salicis Green 1915: 465-466. Type data: PAKISTAN: Mushki, on Salix sp., by V. Iyer. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1936, 159). Illustr.
Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger, 1905); MacGillivray 1921: 267. change of combination
Adiscofiorinia africana (Newstead, 1911); MacGillivray 1921: 378. change of combination
Aonidia parlatoroides Hall 1922: 35. nomen nudum (discovered by Lindin1932f, 199). Notes: Hall (1922) states that some specimens of Aonidia parlatoroides Newstead are actually Salicicola kermanensis. However, there is no evidence that a description of A. parlatoroides was ever published. Therefore, Hall's use of the name must be considered a placed nomen nudum.
Leucodiaspis kermanensis (Lindinger, 1905); Lindinger 1932b: 107. change of combination
Leucaspis africana (Newstead, 1911); Koroneos 1934: 46. change of combination
Anamefiorinia africana (Newstead, 1911); Lindinger 1935: 132. change of combination
Salicicola africana (Newstead, 1911); Bodenheimer 1949: 175. change of combination

Common Names

Iranian poplar scale MillerDa1990

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 6 | Genera: 7

Ephedraceae

Ephedra | Bodenh1953

Fagaceae

Quercus | UlgentKaKo2013

Oleaceae

Olea europaea | Bodenh1924

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus pallasii | BatsanKaKi2017

Rosaceae

Malus pumila | BatsanKaKi2017

Salicaceae

Populus | Bodenh1924 Bodenh1944b Newste1911
Populus alba | Bodenh1944b Hadzib1983
Populus canescens | Bodenh1924
Populus deltoides | Hadzib1983
Populus euphratica | Lindin1905 Seghat1977
Populus gracilis | BatsanKaKi2017
Populus nigra | Seghat1977 | including var italica
Salix | Bodenh1953 Green1915 Lindin1905
Salix acmophylla | Bodenh1943 Lindin1905 | (= Salix persica)
Salix alba | UlgentErYa2022
Salix babylonica | Bodenh1924
Salix mucronata | GhabboMo1996 | (= Salix safsaf)

Foes:

Families: 4 | Genera: 9

Aphelinidae

Ablerus celsus | NikolsYa1966 | (= Azotus celsus)
Aphytis mytilaspidis | NikolsYa1966
Diaspiniphagus moeris | UlgentErKa2008 | (= Coccophagoides similis)
Pteroptrix lauri | NikolsYa1966 | (= Hispaniella lauri)

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | GhaniMu1974
Pharoscymnus flexibilis | GhaniMu1974
Pharoscymnus pharoides | FallahJa2010
Scymnus | GhaniMu1974

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus | GhaniMu1974
Cybocephalus planiceps | FallahJa2010

Encyrtidae

Anthemus | AhmadGh1972

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 19

Afghanistan | Balach1953g KozarFoZa1996

Armenia | Balach1953g TerGri1966a

Azerbaijan | Balach1953g

China

Aomen (=Macau) | Atanas1959

Egypt | GhabboMo1996 Newste1911

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1950

Greece | Korone1934 Kozar1985

India | Britti1937

Iran | Bodenh1944b KozarFoZa1996 Seghat1977

Iraq | Balach1953g Bodenh1943

Israel | Bodenh1924 DanzigPe1998

Morocco | Balach1953g DanzigPe1998 Rungs1948

Pakistan | AhmadGh1972 Green1915

Syria | DanzigPe1998

Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | Balach1953g

Turkey | Bodenh1949 Panis1981

Turkmenistan | Archan1930 Lashin1956

Uzbekistan | Balach1953g

Yugoslavia | Panis1981

Keys

Danzig1993: pp.127 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Salicicola]
Bustsh1958: pp.186 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of the tribe Diaspidini]
Balach1953g: pp.883 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Salicicola]
Britti1937: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis] Key as: Leucaspis salicis

Remarks

Systematics: Part of the material described by Newstead (1906) as Mytilaspis (Lepidosaphes bicolor) is a misidentification of Salicicola kermanensis (Williams, 2002a).
Structure: Female scale very short, highly convex, exuviae dark brown, secretion white. Male scale similar, but smaller. Adult female elongate-oval, highly convex on dorsum (Brittin, 1937).
Biology: Females laid 17-48 eggs (average 26). Of the hatching crawlers, 2-13 (average 8) were found dead under the scale. Low fecundity and high mortality of crawlers could explain the low incidence of Salicicola kermanensis in Pakistan (Ghani & Muzaffar, 1974).
Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest.
General Remarks: Detailed description by Brittin (1937) and by Balachowsky (1953g).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 38
AhmadGh1972: biological control, distribution, host, 98
AlimdzBr1956: distribution, 152
Archan1930: distribution, taxonomy, 82
Archan1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 65, 66-67
Atanas1959: distribution, host, 434
Babaev1980: distribution, host, 59
Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1883, 885, 901-904
Balach1958b: taxonomy, 335, 339, 340
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 261
BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 168-170
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 32, 43
Bodenh1924: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 45-46
Bodenh1924a: distribution, host, 123
Bodenh1925: distribution, host, 672
Bodenh1930a: distribution, host, 376, 377
Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 7, 26, 218
Bodenh1943: distribution, host, taxonomy, 10
Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 85, 98
Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 175, 177-179
Bodenh1953: description, distribution, economic importance, illustration, taxonomy, 56-61
Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 158
BoerVa1977: taxonomy, 153
Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 105
Borchs1937a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 90, 94
Borchs1949d: distribution, taxonomy, 201
Borchs1950b: distribution, taxonomy, 178
Borchs1963a: distribution, taxonomy, 23, 227, 228
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 220-221
Britti1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 283, 285, 286, 291-2
Bustsh1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 186, 211
Bustsh1960: distribution, taxonomy, 174
Chiesa1938: distribution, host, 3
CiftciBo2021: distribution, host, 240
Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 127-128
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 353-354
ErlerKoTu1996: distribution, host, 58
Ezzat1958: distribution, taxonomy, 244
FallahJa2010: natural enemies, 302
Ferris1936a: taxonomy, 23
Ferris1937a: illustration, taxonomy, 6, 26
GhabboMo1996: description, distribution, host, 357
GhaniMu1974: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 65-66
Green1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 461, 465-466
Green1919c: distribution, host, 449
Hadzib1950: distribution, host, 256, 259, 262
Hadzib1983: distribution, host, 213, 277
Hall1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 35-36
Hall1923: taxonomy, 48
Hall1925: taxonomy, 16
Hall1926a: distribution, host, 37, 41
Hoke1927: taxonomy, 352
JalilvShVa2013: host, natural enemies, 302
Kaussa1950: distribution, host, 5
Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 18
Kaussa1970: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 10
Kobakh1956: distribution, 195
Korone1934: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 46-47, 49
Kozar1985: distribution, 203
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 68
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 87
Lashin1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 127
Leonar1906b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 29
Leonar1907c: distribution, host, 94
Lindin1905: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 253-254
Lindin1906: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 10, 27, 47-48
Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 270
Lindin1931a: taxonomy, 43
Lindin1932b: taxonomy, 107
Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 199
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 132
Lindin1936: taxonomy, 159
Lindin1957: taxonomy, 544
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 262, 263, 267, 378
MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 305
MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 52
MoghadTa2010: distribution, 38
MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, natural enemies, 13, 218-219, 250
Myarts1972: distribution, 54
Newste1911: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 90-91
NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 204, 240, 256
Panis1981: distribution, 2, 8
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 62,68
Pierce1917: economic importance, 181
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 358
RouhanVaMa2018a: distribution, host, 4
Rungs1948: distribution, host, 114
Sander1906: catalog, distribution, taxonomy, 12
Seghat1977: distribution, host, 16
ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
Takagi2002: taxonomy, 66
TerGri1954: distribution, host, 65
TerGri1962: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 141-142
TerGri1966a: distribution, economic importance, host, 373
TerGri1969a: distribution, taxonomy, 5, 70
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 486
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S121
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 3
WeidneWa1968: distribution, host, 177
Willco1922: distribution, host, taxonomy, 291-292
Willia2002a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 156
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 217, 231
Yasnos1978: biological control, 494
Zahrad1972: distribution, host, 445