Valid Names Results
Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883 (Diaspididae: Parlatoria)Nomenclatural History
- Parlatoria pergandii camelliae Comstock 1883: 114. Type data: UNITED STATES: Conservatory of the Department of Agriculture, on Camellia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Parlatoria proteus virescens Maskell 1897: 300-301. Type data: CHINA: Amoy, on Myrtus sp.; Macao, on Camellia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Borchs1966, 189).
- Parlatoria (Euparlatoria) Pergandii camelliae Comstock, 1883; Leonardi 1903a: 36. change of combination
- Parlatoria pergandei camelliae Comstock, 1883; Bellio 1929: 232. misspelling of species epithet
- Parlatorea Pergandei camelliae; Gómez-Menor Ortega 1937: 154. misspelling of genus name
- Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883; Morrison 1939: 31. change in status (level)
Common Names
- camellia parlatoria scale McKenz1956
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 27 | Genera: 43
- Anacardiaceae
- Lithraea caustica | GonzalCh1968
- Mangifera | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex crenata | Muraka1970
- Arecaceae
- Hydriastele | MillerDa2005 | (= Gronophyllum)
- Berberidaceae
- Berberis | McKenz1945
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Takagi1969a
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Euonymus japonicus | BicheArMe2022
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | Tao1999
- Ericaceae
- Pieris japonica | NormarOkMo2019
- Rhododendron | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a Takagi1969a | (= Azalea)
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | Borchs1966
- Croton | Borchs1966
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | Takagi1960
- Quercus glauca | Takagi1960
- Quercus phillyreoides | Takagi1960
- Garryaceae
- Aucuba | MillerDa2005
- Hamamelidaceae
- Distylium racemosum | Takagi1960
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum | MillerDa2005
- Cinnamomum camphora | Balach1953g
- Cinnamomum cassia | Hoffma1927
- Laurus | MillerDa2005
- Laurus nobilis | TakahaTa1956
- Litsea | MillerDa2005
- Machilus japonica | Takagi1969a | var. kusanoi
- Phoebe | Tao1999
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | DanzigPe1998
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus | Borchs1966
- Theobroma cacao | YunusHo1980
- Meliaceae
- Azadirachta | Morris1939a
- Melia azedarach | Ramakr1930 | (= Azadirachta indica)
- Moraceae
- Ficus | MillerDa2005
- Ficus benjamina | Takagi1969a | (= Ficus cuspidatocaudata)
- Ficus pumila | Takagi1960
- Ficus retusa | Muraka1970
- Myrtaceae
- Myrtus | Maskel1897
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum elongatum | Hoffma1927 | (= Jasminum undulatum)
- Olea | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Osmanthus | MillerDa2005
- Osmanthus fragrans | Merril1953
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera | MillerDa2005
- Cleyera japonica | NormarOkMo2019
- Eurya japonica | Merril1953
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus spina-christi | MoghadWa2021
- Rosaceae
- Photinia parviflora | Hoffma1927 | (= Photinia pruniflora)
- Prunus | Borchs1966
- Prunus laurocerasus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Pyrus lindleyi | ChenWo1936 Maskel1897a | (= Pyrus sinensis)
- Rubiaceae
- Gardenia | MillerDa2005
- Rutaceae
- Aegle | Morris1939a
- Aegle marmelos | Ramakr1925
- Citrus | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a | (= Poncirus)
- Citrus aurantium | BicheArMe2022
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Comsto1883 DanzigPe1998 MillerDa2005 | (= Thea)
- Camellia japonica | Borg1932
- Camellia oleifera | Tao1999
- Camellia sasanqua | BatsanKaKi2017
- Gordonia axillaris | Takagi1969a
- Vitaceae
- Vitis | Morris1939a
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 5
- Aphelinidae
- Aphytis maculicornis | HertinSi1972
- Encarsia | HertinSi1972 | (= Aspidiotiphagus)
- Pteroptrix howardi | Dozier1937 | (= Hispaniella howardi)
- Pteroptrix lauri | Koszta1996 | (= Hispaniella lauri)
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | HertinSi1972
- Rhyzobius lophanthae | BelgueBiBe2017
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Rhizobiaceae
- Candidatus Walczuchella monophlebidarum | GruwelVoPa2005
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 30
- Algeria | BicheArMe2022
- Argentina | Morris1939a
- Australia | DanzigPe1998
- Chile | GonzalCh1968
- China | MillerDa2005
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Cheo1935
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Cheo1935
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Hua2000
- Hainan | Hua2000
- Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
- Hubei (=Hupei) | Cheo1935
- Hunan | Cheo1935
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | Tao1999
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | Tao1999
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | Maskel1897a
- Yunnan | Ferris1950a
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Tao1999
- Egypt | DanzigPe1998
- France | Foldi2001 McKenz1945 MillerDa2005
- Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017
- Abkhaz ASSR | MillerDa2005
- Guinea | Leonar1914
- India | MillerDa2005
- Karnataka | Misra1924CS
- Rajasthan | Misra1924CS
- Tamil Nadu | Nakaha1982
- Indonesia | MillerDa2005
- Java | Merril1953
- Iran | KozarFoZa1996
- Israel | Carmin1950
- Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Morris1939a
- Sicily | LongoMaPe1995 Morris1939a
- Japan | Maskel1897a MillerDa2005
- Honshu | TakahaTa1956
- Kyushu | Tachik1955
- Shikoku | TakahaTa1956
- Madeira Islands | VieiraCaPi1983
- Malaysia
- Malaya | YunusHo1980
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Mexico | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Nigeria | Medler1980
- North Korea | McKenz1945
- Pakistan | MillerDa2005 Misra1924CS
- Panama | McKenz1945
- Portugal | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | TakahaTa1956
- South Korea | DanzigPe1998 KwonHaCh2005 MillerDa2005
- Spain | Morris1939a
- Switzerland | McKenz1945 MillerDa2005
- Taiwan | Maskel1897a MillerDa2005 Takaha1930
- United States
- Alabama | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- California | Hewitt1943 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Delaware | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- District of Columbia | McKenz1945 MillerDa2005
- Florida | Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- Georgia | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Louisiana | HowardOl1985 Lawson1917 MillerDa2005
- Maryland | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Massachusetts | King1902b
- Mississippi | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- North Carolina | MillerDa2005 Wray1950
- Oregon | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- South Carolina | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Texas | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Virginia | Merril1953 MillerDa2005
- Washington | Ali1969
Keys
- TanakaKa2022a: pp.447-448 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria species in Japan]
- MoghadWa2021: pp.188-189 ( Adult (F) ) [Parlatoria in Iran]
- Tanaka2010: pp.180-183 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Japan]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-33 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.216 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Parlatoria]
- Koszta1996: pp.551 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Northeastern North American species of Parlatoria]
- Danzig1993: pp.83 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Chou1985: pp.222 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- HowardOl1985: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Louisiana]
- Wang1982c: pp.78 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Takagi1960: pp.71 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Japanese species of Parlatoria]
- Balach1958b: pp.321 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- GomezM1956: pp.55 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1956: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Balach1953g: pp.778 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1952: pp.15 ( ) [Revised key to species of Parlatoria]
- Borchs1950b: pp.170 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Hall1946a: pp.528 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of the Ethiopian Region]
- McKenz1945: pp.79 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:59 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Morris1939a: pp.31 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
Remarks
- Systematics: Parlatoria camelliae is close to P. crotonis, although the absence of a strongly sclerotized ocular spur immediately separates it from the latter (McKenzie, 1945).
- Structure: Female scale 1.5 mm long and 0.75 mm wide, elongate oval, moderately convex, white or gray, second exuviae pale except for a dark, median area which is yellowish or at times with a faint greenish hue. Male scale elongate, gray (McKenzie, 1945). Microscopic diagnosis: Thoracic tubercles present, rounded. Anterior spiracles each associated with 2 disc pores. Dorsal submarginal ducts on segments II−VII numbering 20−30 on each side. Median, second and third lobes (L1, L2 and L3) all same shape and size; fourth lobes (L4) pectiniform. Perivulvar pores present in 4 groups. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2021)
- Biology: We have been unable to find an account of the biology of this species. In Gridley, California in late July 1979 we collected the camellia parlatoria scale just at the end of the egg-laying period. Most adult females were shriveled but a few still had a few eggs under their covers. Settled crawlers were abundant. The infestation was restricted to the leaves of camellia, and both males and females were found on the top and undersides of leaves. There was a tendency for settling to occur close to the veins of the leaf. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest. McKenzie (1956) found this species to be the most important scale insect pest of camellias in California. Morrison (1946) treated it as one of the most important scale pests of camellia on the Pacific coast and noted that it was the most commonly collected species on this host. Steinweden (1942) reported that nurserymen were very cautious with this species and sprayed whenever it was found to prevent damage to infested hosts. Miller and Davidson (1990) consider this species to be an occasional pest. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Detailed descriptions and illustrations by McKenzie (1945) and Takagi (1969a).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 37
- Ali1968: distribution, host, 135
- Ali1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 76
- AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 996-1003
- Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 56, 797-800
- Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 321, 324-326
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 260
- BelgueBiBe2017: biological control, natural enemies, 123, 127
- Bellio1929a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 232-234
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 12
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 508
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 170
- Borchs1963a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 168, 212, 213, 266
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 189-190
- Borg1932: distribution, host, 11
- CampbeLaHu2014: phylogeny, 532, 533
- Carmin1950: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 1-10
- Charli1972: distribution, 215
- ChenWo1936: distribution, host, 103
- Cheo1935: distribution, host, 101
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 224-226
- Chou1986: illustration, 631
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 397
- Comsto1883: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 114
- Comsto1916: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 575
- Danzig1972: distribution, taxonomy, 218
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83, 93
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 326
- DaoBeWa2023: phylogeny, 1030
- DeitzTo1980: distribution, taxonomy, 44
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 13, 104
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 116
- Dozier1937: biological control, distribution, 126
- Ebelin1959: distribution, host, taxonomy, 224, 273, 279
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, structure, 320-321
- Ferris1937: taxonomy, SI-88
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-400, SIV-446:59
- Ferris1950a: distribution, host, 76
- Fletch1917a: distribution, host, 236
- Foldi2001: distribution, 306
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
- FowjhaKo1999: distribution, host, 122
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 14,24
- Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, distribution, 57
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- Ghesqu1932: distribution, host, 59
- Gill1982c: distribution, host, illustration, 1
- Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 217-218, 223
- GomezM1937: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 146, 154-155
- GonzalCh1968: distribution, host, 111
- GruwelWoKo2016: phylogeny, 173-176
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, 198, 276
- Hall1946a: taxonomy, 528
- HertinSi1972: biological control, distribution, 186
- Hoffma1927: distribution, host, 75
- HowardOl1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 70
- HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 198
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 156
- Kawai1977: distribution, taxonomy, 22
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 191-192
- King1902b: distribution, 62
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 18
- Korone1934: taxonomy, 35
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 551-553
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 68
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 86
- Kuwana1925: taxonomy, 6, 7
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, illustration, 52-60
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 248, 250
- Leonar1903a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36-37
- Leonar1914: distribution, host, 224
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 137, 145-149
- Lizery1938: taxonomy, 355
- Lizery1942c: distribution, 235
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 128
- LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 149
- Lupo1947: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41, 73-79
- Martin1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 59
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 43
- Maskel1897: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 300-301
- Maskel1897a: distribution, host, 241
- McKenz1945: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 58-59, 79
- McKenz1952: taxonomy, 15
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 138-139
- McKenz1960b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 204-206
- Medler1980: distribution, 89
- Merril1953: distribution, host, 66
- Miller2005: distribution, 488
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 304
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 316
- Misra1924CS: distribution, host, 345, 350
- Moghad2013a: distribution, 46
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 189, 191-192, 248
- Morris1939a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 8-9, 31
- MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 67
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 66
- NormarJo2010: ecology, host, 3
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 28, 84, S6
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 503
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 351
- Ramakr1925: distribution, host, 154
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 31, 34
- Ramakr1940: distribution, host, 478
- SchuhMo1948: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, 49
- Silves1939: distribution, host, taxonomy, 826
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 4
- Tachik1955: distribution, host, 56
- Takagi1956a: taxonomy, 47
- Takagi1960: distribution, host, taxonomy, 70, 71
- Takagi1969a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 33-34, 51
- Takaha1930: distribution, 1
- Takaha1957b: taxonomy, 109
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 13
- Tanaka2010: host, taxonomy, 179-183
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 124-125
- Tang1984: taxonomy, 73
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
- Tang2001: taxonomy, 4
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 85
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 104-105
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 132
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Wang1982c: distribution, taxonomy, 78, 82
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 219, 229
- WongChCh1999: distribution, illustration, 30, 72
- Wray1950: distribution, 15
- Wray1967: distribution, 34
- Wu1935: distribution, host, 244
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 272
- YunusHo1980: distribution, host, 34
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 168
