Valid Names Results
Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis (Kuwana, 1923) (Diaspididae: Kuwanaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Leucaspis bambusae Kuwana 1902: 74. Type data: JAPAN: Kyushu, Kokura, on Bambusa sp., by I. Kuwana. Syntypes, female, homonym through subsequent combination
- Lepidosaphes bambusae (Kuwana, 1902); Lindinger 1906: 7. change of combination
- Mytilaspis bambusae (Kuwana, 1902); Marchal 1909: 872. change of combination
- Chionaspis bambusae Kuwana 1923c: 323. change of combination resulting in homonymy Notes: homonym of Chionaspis bambusae Cockerell 1896h
- Chionaspis pseudoleucaspis Kuwana 1923c: 323. replacement name Replacement name for Chionaspis bambusae (Kuwana 1902)
- Tsukushiaspis bambusae (Kuwana, 1902); Bellio 1928: 304. change of combination
- Tsukushiaspis pseudoleucaspis (Kuwana, 1923); Kuwana 1928: 31. change of combination
- Lepidosaphoides bambusae (Kuwana, 1902); Lindinger 1931a: 44. change of combination
- Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis (Kuwana, 1923); Lindinger 1935: 139. change of combination
- Kuwanaspis bambusae (Kuwana, 1902); Lobdell 1937: 78. change of combination
- Kuwanaspis pseudaulacaspis (Kuwana, 1923); Jansen & Alferink 2023: 34. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- bamboo diaspidid DanzigPe1998
- bamboo scale CharleHe2002
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 2 | Genera: 14
- Lauraceae
- Tetranthera | BicheArMe2022
- Poaceae
- Arundinaria | Balach1954e MillerDa2005
- Arundinaria simonii | Muraka1970
- Bambusa | Hua2000 Kuwana1902 MillerDa2005
- Bambusa multiplex | Hua2000 | (= Bambusa multiplex nana)
- Cynodon | HodgsoHi1990 MillerDa2005
- Dendrocalamus macroculmis | BicheArMe2022 | (= Bambusa macroculmis)
- Eragrostis | BicheArMe2022
- Fargesia | MillerDa2005
- Paspalum | HodgsoHi1990 MillerDa2005
- Phyllostachys | Balach1954e LuoTaLa1999 MillerDa2005 Paik1978
- Phyllostachys aurea | Hender2011
- Phyllostachys bambusoides | BesheaTiHo1973 Paik1978 | (= Phyllostachys reticulata)
- Phyllostachys edulis | Tao1999 | (= Phyllostachys pubescens)
- Phyllostachys nigra | Bodenh1953 Paik1978 | (= Bambusa nigra) (= Phyllostachys nigra henonis)
- Pleioblastus | MillerDa2005
- Pleioblastus simonii | Muraka1970
- Pseudosasa japonica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Sasa | MillerDa2005 Paik1978 | (= Sasamorpha)
- Sasa borealis | Paik1978 | (= Sasamorpha gracilis) (= Sasamorpha purpurascens borealis)
- Sasa nipponica | Muraka1970
- Sasa veitchii | Muraka1970 | (= Sasa albomarginata)
- Semiarundinaria | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Sinobambusa | MillerDa2005
- Sinobambusa tootsik | Muraka1970
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Aphelinidae
- Encarsia citrina | BorchsHa1950 HuangPo1998 | (= Aspidiotiphagus citrinus)
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus renipustulatus | LuoTaLa1999 | (= Chilocorus kuwanae)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 27
- Algeria | Balach1954e
- Azerbaijan | DanzigPe1998
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990
- China | FangWuXu2001 | MillerDa2005
- Anhui (=Anhwei) | Tang1986
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Tang1986
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Tang1986
- Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
- Yunnan | Tao1999
- Croatia | MastenSi2008 | MastenSi2008
- France | Balach1930a Foldi2001
- Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1941
- Germany | Schmut1956b
- Hawaiian Islands | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1981a
- Oahu | Nishid2002
- Italy | Balach1954e LongoMaPe1995
- Japan | MillerDa2005
- Honshu | Shinji1936b
- Kyushu | Kuwana1902
- Luxembourg | Gertso2016 GertssSc2020
- Morocco | Rungs1935
- Netherlands | NormarOkMo2019
- New Zealand | ArchibCoDe1979
- South Island | CharleHe2002
- Poland | Komosi1968
- Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011 Neves1954
- Russia | Archan1929
- Slovenia | Seljak2008
- South Korea | MillerDa2005 Paik1978
- Spain | JansenAl2023
- Sweden | Ossian1959
- Taiwan | MillerDa2005 Tao1999
- Turkey | Bodenh1949
- Ukraine
- Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | Balach1954e
- United Kingdom | BoratyWi1964
- United States
- Alabama | BesheaTiHo1973 MillerDa2005
- California | Ferris1941d MillerDa2005
- District of Columbia | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Florida | Dekle1965c MillerDa2005
- Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973 MillerDa2005
- Louisiana | Miller2005
- Maryland | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- New Jersey | MillerDa2005 Weiss1916
- New York | MillerDa2005
- Pennsylvania | MillerDa2005 Trimbl1928
- South Carolina | Nakaha1982
- Virginia | MillerDa2005
Keys
- KimKiLe2023: pp.6 ( Adult (F) ) [Scales on bamboos in South Korea]
- MalumpSa2016: pp.99 ( Adult (F) ) [British Kuwanaspis]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-30 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- MillerDa2005: pp.20-22 ( Adult (F) ) [Armored Scales]
- Watson2002a: pp. ( Adult (F) ) [Expert system on a cd]
- Hu1982: pp.214 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwanaspis]
- Chou1982: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Kuwanaspis] Key as: Kuwanaspis bambusae
- Paik1978: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwanaspis]
- Danzig1971d: pp.843 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of family Diaspididae] Key as: Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis
- Takagi1961: pp.7 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwanaspis]
- Balach1954e: pp.266 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwanaspis]
- Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:55 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwanaspis of California] Key as: Kuwanaspis pseudoleucaspis
- MacGil1921: pp.264 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Leucaspis] Key as: Leucaspis bambusae
Remarks
- Systematics: Kuwana (1923) moved Leucaspis bambusae Kuwana 1902 into Chionaspis creating a homonym with Chionaspis bambusae Cockerell 1896h. He proposed the replacement name Chionaspis pseudoleucaspis for the Kuwana species. Although neither species remains in Chionaspis (Chionaspis bambusae Cockerell= Unachionaspis bambusae and C. bambusae Kuwana = Kuwanaspis), according to the ICZN Article 59(b) "A junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid."
- Structure: Female scale mytilaspiform to ham-shaped from specimens which are almost parallel sided to those which enlarge suddenly just before the middle. Posterior margins broadly rounded; flat in the broad form to convex in the narrow form and of moderately thick texture. First exuviae elliptical, dark yellowish brown with longitudinal crest and a number of lateral ribs. Second exuviae elliptical, of same color, but thinly covered with white waxy secretions. Adult female body stout, pygidium broadly rounded, not heavily chitinized (Bodenheimer, 1953).
- Biology: In Georgia there is one generation per year (Hadzibejli, 1983). The bamboo diaspidid is reported to have 2 generations a year in China (Yan Aojin et al. 1985) and a single generation each year in Georgia of the Former Soviet Union (Hadzibejli 1983). Although Brown (1965) suggested that the species is parthenogenetic, Kuwana (1928) and Gill (1997) provided a description of the male cover. Howell and Tippins (1973) and Danzig (1964) also noted the absence of males. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Wang et al. (1998) cite this species as a major pest of bamboo. In severe outbreaks, the culms of bamboo turn white as they become encrusted with scale covers giving the plants an unthrifty appearance. Heavily infested stands of bamboo sustain a general reduction in growth vigor (Wang Haojie et al. 1998). (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration by Kuwana (1902). Detailed description and illustration by Balachowsky (1954e).
Illustrations
Citations
- AhnKiKi2020: distribution, host, 8
- Ali1969a: distribution, host, 54
- AlvareLiLu2020: phylogeny, 5
- Archan1929: distribution, host, 196
- ArchibCoDe1979: distribution, host, 205
- Balach1930a: distribution, host, 179
- Balach1954e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 266, 269-272
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 259
- Bellio1928: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 304-309
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 11
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 506
- Bodenh1935: host, 258
- Bodenh1949: distribution, host, 145
- Bodenh1953: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 35-38
- Bodenh1953a: taxonomy, 164
- BoratyWi1964: distribution, host, 88
- BoratyWi1964a: distribution, host, 103
- Borchs1934: distribution, host, 26
- Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 107
- Borchs1937a: distribution, taxonomy, 112
- Borchs1950b: distribution, taxonomy, 200
- Borchs1963a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 24, 27, 271
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 91
- Borchs1973: distribution, taxonomy, 271
- BorchsHa1950: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 12-13, 15, 17
- Brown1965: chemistry, 146-147
- CharleHe2002: distribution, host, taxonomy, 589-595,599
- Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61-63
- Chou1986: illustration, 455
- Danzig1964: distribution, host, taxonomy, 649
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 213
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 369-370
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 279
- Deitz1979b: distribution, taxonomy, 23
- Dekle1965c: distribution, host, 12, 76
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 115
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 114
- FangWuXu2001: distribution, host, 107
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 244
- Ferris1936a: illustration, taxonomy, 22, 89
- Ferris1941d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SIII-288
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-396, SIV-446:55
- Ferris1953: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 60
- Foldi2001: distribution, 306
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 13,24
- Fullaw1932: taxonomy, 95
- Gaprin1950: biological control, distribution, host, 93
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 240
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- Gertso2016: distribution, host, 152
- GertssSc2020: distribution, host, 135
- Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 165, 167
- Green1915: taxonomy, 459
- Hadzib1941: distribution, host, 187
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 178, 179, 274
- Hender2011: description, host, illustration, taxonomy, 8,13,32,101,104-105,
- HertinSi1972: biological control, 181
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 3, 4, 8
- Hoffma1927: distribution, host, 76
- HowellTi1973: taxonomy, 241
- Hu1982: taxonomy, 214
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 153
- HuangPo1998: biological control, 1860
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 26,34
- JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 64
- Kawai1972: distribution, host, 44
- Kawai1977: distribution, host, 156
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, 265
- KimKiLe2023: key, 6
- Komosi1968: distribution, host, 207
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 17
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
- Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74
- Kuwana1923c: distribution, host, 323
- Kuwana1928: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 31-33
- Kuwana1931b: distribution, host, 168
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 69
- Leonar1906b: description, distribution, taxonomy, 28
- Leonar1907c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 93-94
- Lindin1906: taxonomy, 6
- Lindin1909b: taxonomy, 147
- Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 81
- Lindin1931: taxonomy, 125
- Lindin1931a: taxonomy, 44, 122
- Lindin1932f: taxonomy, 205
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 139
- Lindin1957: taxonomy, 549
- Lobdel1937: structure, 78
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 127
- LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 149
- LuoTaLa1999: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 49-52
- Lupo1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 317-322
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 264
- MalumpSa2016: distribution, host, key, 99, 100
- Marcha1909: distribution, host, 872
- MastenSi2008: catalog, distribution, host, 105-118
- MastenSi2008: catalog, distribution, host, 105-119
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 32, 115-117
- Merril1953: distribution, host, 51
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, host, 245
- Miller2005: distribution, 487
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 240
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 101
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, 399
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, taxonomy, 45
- Neves1954: distribution, host, 234
- NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 261
- Nishid2002: catalog, 141
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 23, 69, S6
- Ossian1959: distribution, host, 200
- Paik1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 332-334
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 502
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 349
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Rungs1935: distribution, host, 275
- Sakai1935: distribution, host, 300
- Schmut1956b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66
- Schmut1957b: distribution, host, 150
- Schmut1959: distribution, host, 212
- Seljak2008: distribution, host, 121-127
- Shinji1936b: distribution, taxonomy, 96
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 14
- Tachik1955: distribution, host, 58
- Takagi1961: distribution, host, taxonomy, 5, 7
- Takagi1969a: taxonomy, 24
- Takagi1970: taxonomy, 122
- Takagi1999a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 112
- Takaha1930: taxonomy, 24
- Takaha1936a: taxonomy, 220
- Takaha1937: distribution, host, taxonomy, 69
- Tang1986: distribution, host, taxonomy, 282
- Tang2001: taxonomy, 4
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 107
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 94
- Terezn1968b: distribution, host, 50
- Terezn1975: distribution, host, 75, 99
- TippinBe1972: distribution, host, 287
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 45
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S120
- UlgentPoPe2014: distribution, 77
- UlgentPoPe2014: distribution, host, illustration, 78, 80
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- WangVaXu1998: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 84-85, 187
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2002: taxonomy, 117
- Watson2002a: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy,
- Weiss1916: distribution, host, 214
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 218
- Wilson1917: distribution, host, 36
- Wu1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 212
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 209, 226
- Zimmer1948: distribution, host, taxonomy, 410
