Valid Names Results
Kilifia acuminata (Signoret, 1873) (Coccidae: Kilifia)Nomenclatural History
- Lecanium acuminatum Signoret 1873a: 397. Type data: SRI LANKA [=CEYLON]: Pundaluoya, on Jasminum sp.. Neotype, female, by subsequent designation (BenDov1976a,257). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Notes: Neotype designation confirmed by Opinion 1192 (1981) of the International Commission on zoological Nomenclature.
- Coccus acuminatum (Signoret, 1873); Kirkaldy 1902: 105. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; change of combination
- Coccus acuminatus (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903b: 167. emendation that is justified
- Calymmata acuminatum (Signoret, 1873); Kirkaldy 1904: 228. change of combination
- Lecanium acuminatum Signoret, 1873; Green 1904d: 195. change of combination
- Protopulvinaria acuminata (Signoret, 1873); Steinweden 1929: 223. change of combination
- Lecanium (Coccus) acuminatum Signoret, 1873; Green 1937: 299. change of combination
- Platycoccus acuminatus (Signoret, 1873); Takahashi 1959: 76. change of combination
- Kilifia acuminata (Signoret, 1873); De Lotto 1965a: 208. change of combination
- Habibius acuminatus Ezzat & Hussein 1969: 402. replacement name that is unjustified
Common Names
- acuminate scale BenDov1993 HamonWi1984
- oyster shell mango soft scale AbdRabEv2021
- escama blanda acuminada KondoJo2022
- hara-biro-kata-kaigaramushi KondoJo2022
- togari-hirata-kata-kaigaramushi KondoJo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 36 | Genera: 58
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera | EzzatHu1969
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 BenDov1979 EzzatHu1969 Granar1999 Nakaha1981a
- Schinus terebinthifolia | Nakaha1981a
- Annonaceae
- Annona reticulata | MilleHeCa2016
- Apocynaceae
- Alyxia stellata | Nakaha1981a | (= Alyxia oliviformis)
- Plumeria | Nakaha1981a
- Plumeria rubra | Nakaha1981a WilliaWa1990 Granar1999 WilliaWa1990 | (= Plumeria acuminata) (= Plumeria acutifolia),,
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex vomitoria | HamonWi1984
- Araceae
- Anthurium | Nakaha1981a
- Monstera | Nakaha1981a
- Monstera deliciosa | Ballou1926 Nakaha1981a
- Philodendron tripartitum | Willia2010
- Zantedeschia | Nakaha1981a
- Asparagaceae
- Cordyline fruticosa | Nakaha1981a
- Dracaena angustifolia | Nakaha1981a | (=Cordyline terminalis)
- Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium | Nakaha1981a
- Bignoniaceae
- Tabebuia | Granar1999
- Bixaceae
- Bixa orellana | WilliaWa1990
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Nakaha1981a
- Crassulaceae
- Kalanchoe pinnata | Nakaha1981a | (= Bryophyllum pinnatum)
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum variegatum | MilleHeCa2016
- Gentianaceae
- Fagraea berteroana | Nakaha1981a Nakaha1981a
- Hernandiaceae
- Gyrocarpus | WilliaWa1990
- Hydrangeaceae
- Broussaisia | Nakaha1981a
- Lauraceae
- Cinnamomum montanum | MestreHaEv2011
- Cinnamomum verum | WilliaWa1990 | (= Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
- Laurus | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Persea americana | BenDov1979 Nakaha1981a
- Melastomataceae
- Medinilla | WilliaWa1990
- Meliaceae
- Aglaia | Nakaha1981a
- Aglaia odorata | Nakaha1981a
- Azadirachta indica | JansenAl2023
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus altilis | WilliaWa1990
- Myrtaceae
- Eugenia | Nakaha1981a BenDov1979 Nakaha1981a
- Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
- Pimenta dioica | WilliaWa1990 | (= Pimenta officinalis)
- Psidium guajava | EzzatHu1969 Kirkal1902 Nakaha1981a
- Syzygium cumini | Nakaha1981a | (= Eugenia jambolana)
- Syzygium jambos | Ballou1926 BenDov1979 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 | (= Eugenia jambos, Jambosa vulgaris)
- Syzygium malaccense | BenDov1979 Nakaha1981a | (=Eugenia malaccensis)
- Syzygium syzygioides | BenDov1979
- Nephrolepidaceae
- Nephrolepis | JoshiRa2017
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Nakaha1981a
- Oleaceae
- Jasminum | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a Signor1873a
- Osmanthus fragrans | Nakaha1981a
- Oxalidaceae
- Averrhoa carambola | Nakaha1981a
- Passifloraceae
- Passiflora | Nakaha1981a
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Eurya nitida | Ali1971 Ferris1950a
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia | HamonWi1984
- Rhizophoraceae
- Rhizophora stylosa | WilliaWa1990
- Rosaceae
- Pyrus communis | EzzatHu1969
- Rubiaceae
- Atractocarpus tahitiensis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Randia tahitiensis)
- Cinchona calisaya | BenDov1979 | (= Cinchona ledgeriana)
- Coffea | Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia | Hodgso1994a Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 BenDov1979 Granar1999 Nakaha1981a Willia2010 | (= Gardenia florida),
- Ixora | Nakaha1981a NakahaMi1981
- Psychotria | BenDov1979 | (= Straussia)
- Psydrax odorata | Nakaha1981a | (= Canthium odoratum)
- Randia | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | EzzatHu1969 Nakaha1981a
- Citrus aurantiifolia | BenDov1979 Nakaha1981a
- Citrus limon | Nakaha1981a
- Melicope | Nakaha1981a | (= Pelea)
- Salicaceae
- Casearia aculeata | MestreHaEv2011
- Casearia guianiensis | Podsia1983
- Sapindaceae
- Litchi chinensis | Nakaha1981a
- Sapotaceae
- Manilkara zapota | BenDov1979 | (= Achras sapota)
- Theaceae
- Gordonia lasianthus | HamonWi1984
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia purpurata | Nakaha1981a
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 3
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus bivittatus | MyartsRuCo2016
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | BadaryAb2011
- Santalaceae
- Santalum austrocaledonicum | MilleHeCa2016
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 49
- Argentina
- Salta | Granar1999
- Australia | KondoJo2022
- Bahamas | KondoJo2022
- Barbados | KondoJo2022
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Brazil | KondoJo2022
- British Virgin Islands | KondoJo2022
- Cameroon | BenDov1993
- Cayman Islands | KondoJo2022
- China | Tang1991
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Yunnan | Ali1971 Ferris1950a
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Costa Rica | KondoJo2022
- Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011
- Dominica | KondoJo2022
- Dominican Republic | BenDov1993
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 EzzatNa1987
- Fiji | HodgsoLa2011
- France | Ali1971 Cocker1893k FoldiGe2018
- French Polynesia
- Tahiti | KondoJo2022
- Guam | Beards1966
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Kirkal1904
- Honduras | KondoJo2022
- India
- Karnataka | JoshiRa2017
- Jamaica | HamonWi1984
- Japan | Kawai1980
- Honshu | KondoJo2022
- Kyushu | KondoJo2022
- Malaysia | BenDov1993
- Mexico | Hodgso1994a
- Chihuahua | HamonWi1984
- Ciudad de México | Miller1996
- Guerrero | Miller1996
- Nuevo Leon | Miller1996
- Veracruz | Miller1996
- New Caledonia | Cohic1956
- Nigeria | KondoJo2022
- Palau | Beards1966
- Panama | BenDov1993
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1990
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Saint Lucia | KondoJo2022
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937 Hodgso1994a
- Suriname | BenDov1993 JansenAl2023
- Taiwan | Ali1971 WongChCh1999
- Thailand | KondoJo2022
- Tonga | WilliaWa1990
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | BenDov1993
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993
- United States
- Alabama | BenDov1993
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Georgia | HamonWi1984
- Missouri | HamonWi1984
- New York | HamonWi1984
- Texas | HamonWi1984
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Venezuela | BenDov1993
- Vietnam | KondoJo2022
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1990 | KondoJo2022
Keys
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- Tang1991: pp.107 ( Adult (F) ) [Asia]
- BenDov1979: pp.313 ( Adult (F) ) [world]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.373 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Beards1966: pp.482 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Zimmer1948: pp.293 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Kilifia acuminata is closest to K. americana and K. deltoides in having meso- and metathoracic legs much larger than prothoracic pair and with strongly indented coxae; anal cleft about 1/3–1/4 of body length; anal plates together pyriform, each with anterolateral margin longer than posterolateral margin; and tubular ducts completely absent. However, K. acuminata has each plate with anterolateral margin less than 2× as long as posterolateral margin (more than 2× longer in K. americana). Kilifia deltoides possesses a distinct spur-like process with an acute apex between the tibia and tarsus of the meso- and metathoracic legs, whereas in K. acuminata the spurlike process, if present, has a broadly rounded apex. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Fig. 6.18), Hamon & Williams (1984), Wong et al. (1999). Body flat, 2–3 mm long, pyriform to almost triangular, widest at posterior end, apex of head acute or narrowly rounded; covered in a thin layer of glassy wax in a reticulated pattern. Young adult female entirely translucent, with anterior half becoming opaque in older specimens, which are pale green or yellow green, often with light yellow margins; usually with a circular yellowish area in abdominal region; in older specimens, area anterior to anal plates becoming brownish. Eyes visible in fully grown females as dark spots. Ovisac absent. (Kondo & Joshi, 2022)
- Biology: Hafez et al. (1971) studied the duration of development and fecundity on mango in Egypt. Regarded a mango pest in Egypt (Nada et al., 1990).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of the adult female given by Zimmerman (1948), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Ben-Dov (1979), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Williams & Watson (1990), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a) and by Granara de Willink (1999).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 33
- BadaryAb2011: biological control, distribution, host, 52-53
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 19
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 482-483
- BenDov1976c: distribution, host, taxonomy, 252-253
- BenDov1979: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 313-316
- BenDov1993: catalog, 150-152
- CamachCh2015: host, 7
- Cocker1893k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 548
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
- Cocker1898r: distribution, host, 240
- DeLott1965a: taxonomy, 208
- Esaki1940a: distribution, host, 274-280
- EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 402-408
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- Fernal1903b: catalog, 167
- Ferris1950a: distribution, host, 75
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 102-104
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195-196
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 299
- HabibSa1973: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 187-191
- HabibSaSa1971: distribution, host, life history, 387-403
- HabibSaSa1972: distribution, host, life history, 481-492
- HafezSaSa1971: distribution, host, life history, physiology, taxonomy, 182-186
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 59-61
- Hashem2021: diagnosis, host, illustration, key, 142-143
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 293-296
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 12, 13
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 136
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 12
- ICZN1981: taxonomy, 252-253
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23
- JoshiFi2019: distribution,
- JoshiKo2020: distribution,
- JoshiRa2017: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 630-631
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 146
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 105
- Kirkal1904: distribution, host, 228
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- Kondo2010: distribution, host, 41-44
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- KondoJo2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 273-275
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 35
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 46,58,65,113
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 62
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, host, 7
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, host, 133
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 147, 154
- MoharuBa2015: distribution, host, 103-104
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- NadaAbHu1990: distribution, host, 133-134
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 391
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 4
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
- PanisMa1976: distribution, host, 7
- PerezG2008: distribution, 213
- Podsia1983: host, 179-189
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 350
- Reboul1976: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Reyne1961: distribution, host, 124
- SalamaSa1971: distribution, host, life history, 98-101
- Signor1873a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 397-398
- Simant1962a: biological control, distribution, host, 105-112
- Simant1973: economic importance,
- SolisATeGo1992: distribution, host, 9
- Su1982: distribution, host, 61
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 341
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 52
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103
- Takaha1934: distribution, host, 36
- Takaha1936c: distribution, host, 116
- Takaha1939b: distribution, host, 262
- Takaha1959: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 76
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 107-108
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 80
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 58
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 68-69
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 91-92
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 206
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 6
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 109-111
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14,52
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 166,169,191
- ZaherElAl2001: biological control, 45-53
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 294-295
