Valid Names Results
Chionaspis etrusca Leonardi, 1908 (Diaspididae: Chionaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Chionaspis etrusca Leonardi 1908a: 184-186. Type data: ITALY: Tuscany, on Tamarix sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (LiuKoRh1989,34). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Chionaspis engeddensis Bodenheimer 1924: 40-42. Type data: ISRAEL: En Geddi, west bank of the Dead Sea, on Tamarix sp. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Bet Dagan: Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Israel; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993, 321). Illustr.
- Chionaspis enggedensis Bodenheimer, 1924; Balachowsky 1928a: 140. misspelling of species epithet
- Chionaspis etrusca engeddensis Bodenheimer, 1924; Bodenheimer 1930a: 370. change in status (level)
- Chionaspis sassceri; Ferris 1937: SI-17. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; misidentification (discovered by Ferris1937, SI-17). Notes: Ferris (1937) states that he has misidentified Chionaspis etrusca as Chionaspis sassceri, but does not state in which publications he had done so.
- Chionaspis singularis Bazarov & Shmelev 1971: 124. Type data: TAJIKISTAN: on Tamarix sp.. Holotype, female, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993, 321). Illustr.
- Chionaspis variabilis Bazarov & Shmelev 1971: 124. Type data: TAJIKISTAN: on Tamarix sp.,. Holotype, female, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1993, 321). Illustr.
Common Names
- tamarix scale Gill1982c
- tamarix scurfy scale LiuKoRh1989
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 3 | Genera: 4
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | DanzigPe1998
- Malvaceae
- Tilia | DanzigPe1998
- Tamaricaceae
- Myricaria | DanzigPe1998
- Tamarix | BenDov2012 Bodenh1924 NormarOkMo2019
- Tamarix africana | Balach1928a
- Tamarix aphylla | Balach1927 LiuKoRh1989 | (= Tamarix articulata)
- Tamarix chinensis | LiuKoRh1989 | (= Tamarix pentandra)
- Tamarix gallica | Balach1927
- Tamarix laxa | UlgentErYa2022
- Tamarix ramosissima | LiuKoRh1989 | (= Tamarix odessana)
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 7
- Aphelinidae
- Ablerus elegantulus | NikolsYa1966 | (= Azotus elegantulus)
- Coccobius sumbarensis | Myarts1995
- Marietta karakalensis | Myarts1995
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus cacti | HertinSi1972
- Rhyzobius lophanthae | HertinSi1972 | (= Lindorus lophanthae)
- Scymnus | HertinSi1972
- Encyrtidae
- Habrolepis diaspidi | BalachMa1970 | (= Habrolepis fanari)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 32
- Afghanistan | KozarFoZa1996
- Algeria | DanzigPe1998
- Armenia | TerGri1962
- Azerbaijan | Takagi1985
- Canary Islands | CarnerPe1986 MatileOr2001
- Corsica | Balach1933a
- Egypt | Balach1958a
- France | Balach1958a Foldi2001
- Georgia (Republic of) | NucifoWa2001
- Greece | DanzigPe1998
- India
- Punjab | Beeson1941
- Iran | KozarFoZa1996
- Iraq | Bodenh1943
- Israel | Bodenh1924 DanzigPe1998
- Italy | Leonar1908a LongoMaPe1995
- Sicily | NucifoWa2001
- Japan | LiuKoRh1989
- Kazakhstan | Balach1954e
- Malta | MifsudMaRu2014
- Mauritania | BalachMa1970
- Mexico
- Chihuahua | Takagi1985
- Mongolia | Danzig1972b
- Morocco | Vayssi1920
- Pakistan | NucifoWa2001
- Sardinia | PellizFo1996
- Saudi Arabia | Matile1984c
- Spain | GomezM1954
- Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | Balach1954e
- Tunisia | Balach1927
- Turkey | Bodenh1949
- Turkmenistan | Balach1954e
- United States
- Arizona | ODell1931b
- California | Ferris1937
- Maryland | NormarOkMo2019
- New Mexico | LiuKoRh1989
- Texas | LiuKoRh1989
- Utah | NormarOkMo2019
- Uzbekistan | Balach1954e
Keys
- MoghadWa2021: pp.56 ( Adult (F) ) [Chionaspis in Iran]
- Gill1997: pp.76 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Chionaspis]
- Danzig1993: pp.318 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionapis]
- BullinKoJi1989: pp.136 ( Adult (M) ) [Key to 17 adult male morphs of 12 species of North American Chionaspis]
- LiuKoRh1989: pp.17 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Chionaspis in North America]
- BazaroSh1971: pp.117 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of central Asia] Key as: Chionaspis engeddensis
- Borchs1963a: pp.207 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species on Tamarix] Key as: Chionaspis engeddensis
- McKenz1956: pp.30 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Balach1954e: pp.320 ( Adult (F) ) [Clef d'identification du g. Chionaspis Sign. de la région paléarctique]
- Borchs1950b: pp.194 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis] Key as: Chionaspis engeddensis
- Ferris1942: pp.50 ( ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Archan1937: pp.88 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- MacGil1921: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Leonar1920: pp.226 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Italian species of Chionaspis]
Remarks
- Systematics: Chionaspis etrusca approaches C. ortholobis, but differs from it chiefly in the lateral notching of the well-separated median pygidial lobes. The median lobes of C. ortholobis are set closely together, smoothly rounded and without notches (McKenzie, 1956).
- Structure: Female elongated, fusiform (Leonardi, 1908a). Scale of adult female wide, ham shaped, flat, greyish white. Exuviae eccentric, situated on the front margin. Exuviae of the first stage short, oval, almost concentric over that one of the second stage, but smaller, dark brown (Bodenheimer, 1924).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest.
- General Remarks: Descriptions and illustrations by Leonardi (1908a) and Lupo (1938a). Detailed treatment of male morphs by Bullington et al. (1989).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 32
- AlimdzBr1956: taxonomy, 151
- AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 997-1003
- Archan1923: distribution, host, 263
- Archan1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 88, 93-94
- Babaev1980: distribution, 59
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 182
- Balach1928a: distribution, host, 140
- Balach1933a: distribution, host, 41
- Balach1937: distribution, host, 339
- Balach1954e: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 320, 333-336
- Balach1958a: distribution, host, 43, 48
- BalachMa1970: biological control, distribution, host, 1083
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 257
- BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 124-129
- Beeson1941: distribution, host, 744
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 29, 44
- BenDovHa1986: distribution, host, taxonomy, 28
- Bibby1961: distribution, host, 330
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 504
- Bodenh1924: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 40-42
- Bodenh1930a: distribution, 370
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 247, 271
- Bodenh1935b: host, 308
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 217
- Bodenh1943: distribution, host, taxonomy, 5
- Bodenh1949: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 109-111
- Bodenh1953: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12, 13
- Borchs1937: distribution, taxonomy, 114
- Borchs1950b: taxonomy, 194
- Borchs1963a: taxonomy, 207
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 97
- Borchs1973: taxonomy, 207
- BullinKoJi1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 143-145
- CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, taxonomy, 30-31
- Danzig1972b: distribution, host, 346
- Danzig1972c: distribution, host, 582
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 321-324
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 207-208
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 115
- Ferris1921b: taxonomy, 93
- Ferris1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SI-17
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446:50
- Ferris1956: taxonomy, 73
- Fleury1938: distribution, host, 72
- Foldi2001: distribution, 306
- Foldi2003: distribution, 151
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
- Gavalo1927: 211
- Gavalo1932: distribution, host, 138
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 235
- Gill1982c: distribution, host, illustration, 1
- Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 78, 277
- GomezM1937: taxonomy, 222
- GomezM1954: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 134-136
- GomezM1957: distribution, host, 50
- GomezM1958a: distribution, host, 7, 12
- GomezM1967G: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 127-128
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, taxonomy, 180, 181, 274
- Hall1927: distribution, host, 108
- HertinSi1972: biological control, 178
- Hewitt1943: taxonomy, 269
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 14
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 66
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 82
- Kuwana1928: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 24-26
- Lashin1956: distribution, host, taxonomy, 131
- Leonar1908a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 184-186
- Leonar1918: distribution, host, 212
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 226, 234-236
- LepineMi1931: 249
- LepineMi1931: distribution, host, 249
- Lindin1910: taxonomy, 155, 330
- Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 318
- Lindin1935: taxonomy, 131
- Lindin1936: taxonomy, 154
- Lindin1943b: taxonomy, 217
- LiuKoRh1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 31-35
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 126
- LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 145
- Lupo1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 272, 283-288
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 332
- Martin1983: distribution, 50
- Mateso1955: distribution, host, 200
- Mateso1958: distribution, host, 131
- Mateso1971: distribution, taxonomy, 27
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 221
- Matile1988: distribution, host, 25
- MatileOr2001: distribution, 189
- McKenz1956: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 30, 96-97
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 507
- Miller2005: distribution, 485
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 301
- MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
- Mityae1958: distribution, host, 79, 93
- Moghad2004: distribution, host, 30
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 18
- MoghadTa2010: description, 32-33
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 56-57, 241
- Monaco1977: distribution, 159
- MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
- Myarts1995: biological control, distribution, 432
- Nakaha1975: taxonomy, 201
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 17
- NikolsYa1966: biological control, distribution, 236
- NiuCaWe2023: genebank, phylogeny, 304, 310
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 15, 74, S6
- NucifoWa2001: distribution, host, 209
- ODell1931b: distribution, 38
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 61,68
- PellizFo1996: distribution, host, 121, 133
- PerezGCa1985: distribution, 316
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 347
- SancheBe2010: distribution, host, 319
- Stickn1934: illustration, structure, 155-160
- Takagi1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 39, 42, 43, 45
- Takaha1952a: taxonomy, 10
- TerGri1962: distribution, host, 146
- TerGri1969a: distribution, taxonomy, 87
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 486
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S118
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 59
- Vayssi1920: distribution, host, 258
- Vayssi1921: distribution, host, 360
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 222
