Bullington, S.W., Kosztarab, M.P., & Jiang, G. 1989 II. Adult Males of the Genus Chionaspis (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae) in North America.. Studies on the Morphology and Systematics of Scale Insects -- No. 15 (Contribution No. 2 to a National Biological Survey). VAES Bulletin 88-2. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Blacksburg, VA

Notes: Abstract: Morphological descriptions & illustrations for 12 spp. of Chionaspis; key; 7 morphs described for first time; evolutionary hypothesis presented based on Ward's Minimum Variance Cluster Analysis.