Valid Names Results

Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898) (Diaspididae: Aulacaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Diaspis crawii Cockerell 1898b: 190-191. Type data: CHINA: at quarantine in San Francisco, California, on unidentified host, by A. Craw. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Diaspis crawii fulleri Cockerell 1901l: 225. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Maritzburg, on Melia azedarach, by C. Fuller. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Muntin1970a,38). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Muntin1977, 2).
Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
Aulacaspis crawii fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
Aulacaspis crawi (Cockerell, 1898); Lindinger 1907a: 19. misspelling of species epithet
Diaspis (Aulacaspis) fulleri Cockerell, 1901; Brain 1919: 225-226. change of combination and rank
Pseudaulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898); MacGillivray 1921: 314. change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); MacGillivray 1921: 315. change of combination
Aulacaspis fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); Fullaway 1932: 95. change of combination

Common Names

azedarach scale AbdRabEv2021

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 16 | Genera: 20

Amphorogynaceae

Dendrotrophe frutescens | NormarOkMo2019

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus umbellata | Fernal1903b

Euphorbiaceae

Ricinus | Brain1919

Fabaceae

Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | JoshiPrKu2022

Lamiaceae

Gmelina arborea | JoshiPrKu2022

Malvaceae

Hibiscus tiliaceus | Takagi1970

Meliaceae

Aglaia odorata | Zimmer1948
Melia azedarach | Cocker1901l
Melia dubia | JoshiPrKu2022
Xylocarpus granatum | TakagiDe2009

Oleaceae

Ligustrum | Hua2000

Orchidaceae

Cymbidium | Hua2000

Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus spina-christi | Hua2000

Rosaceae

Rubus pinnatus | Matile1976

Rubiaceae

Damnacanthus | Hua2000
Neolamarckia cadamba | JoshiPrKu2022

Rutaceae

Citrus | Scott1952
Citrus trifoliata | Hua2000 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
Murraya paniculata | Nakaha1981a

Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus triphysa | JoshiPrKu2022

Smilacaceae

Smilax | Borchs1966

Theaceae

Camellia japonica | Chen1983
Camellia sinensis | Tao1999

Foes:

Families: 2 | Genera: 3

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus circumdatus | JoshiPrKu2022
Sticholotis cribellata | JoshiPrKu2022
Sticholotis obscurella | JoshiPrKu2022
Sticholotis rugicollis | JoshiPrKu2022

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus | JoshiPrKu2022

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 9

China | Cocker1898b

Fujian (=Fukien) | Tao1999
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Wu1935
Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Hua2000
Guizhou (=Kweichow) | Hua2000
Hainan | Tao1999
Hunan | Hua2000
Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | Hua2000
Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | Tao1999
Shanxi (=Shansi) | Hua2000
Sichuan (=Szechwan) | Tao1999
Tianjin (=Tientsin) | Tang1986
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | Tao1999
Xizang (=Tibet) | Tao1999
Yunnan | Ali1969
Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Hua2000

Hawaiian Islands | Takagi1970

Oahu | Zimmer1948

India | JoshiPrKu2022

Kerala | JoshiPrKu2022

Japan | Fernal1903b

Kyushu | Kuwana1902

Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011

Malaysia

Malaya | TakagiDe2011

Saint Helena | Matile1976

South Africa | Cocker1901l

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990 DaoBeWa2023

Keys

JianXi2024: pp.595-597 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis from China]
JoshiMoMe2023: pp.244-245 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Aulacaspis]
DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
TianXi2022: pp.174-176 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis species from China]
WeiJiZh2016: pp.18-22 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis from China]
SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted adult female)]
Chen1983: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
Chou1982: pp.127 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Aulacaspis]
Wang1982c: pp.93 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
Muntin1977: pp.2 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Aulacaspis from southern Africa]
Scott1952: pp.36 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
Chou1949: pp.14 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of Aulacaspis in China]
Zimmer1948: pp.377 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Aulacaspis recorded from Hawaii] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
Hall1946a: pp.505 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ethiopian Aulacaspis] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
Fullaw1932: pp.95 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Hawaiian Diaspinae] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
Kuwana1926: pp.22 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
MacGil1921: pp.314, 315 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis] Key as: Pseudaulacaspis crawii and Pseudaulacaspis fulleri

Remarks

Systematics: Aulacaspis crawii is close to A. spinosa and A. neospinosa. It differs from them by the 2nd stage female with only 4 marginal macroducts on each side of the pygidium and by the presence of double rows of submedial macroducts on the 1st abdominal segment of the adult female (Tang, 1986). Munting (1977) stated "no constant differences could be found between the material of fulleri and that of crawii and although the median lobes are more rounded in the specimens of crawii this variation does occur in the material of fulleri collected by the writer. The difference in the gland spines mentioned by Cockerell could not be verified and fulleri is therefore considered a synonym of crawii. is broadly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, comprising local forms, which are diverse in various features. According to Chen, Aulacaspis citri and A. intermedia, differ from A. crawii in the body constricted across the metathorax, in the disc pores associated with the posterior spiracls much fewer,, and in other details. (Takagi, 2013)
Structure: Female scale about 3mm in diameter, circular, slightly convex, white. Exuviae subcentral to sublateral, rather large, but inconspicuous, being of a very pale ochreous color (Cockerell, 1898b).
Biology: These scales completely covered the main trunk from the base, up to a height of 12 m. The bark appeared conspicuously white even from a distance. The extent and nature of damage makes A. crawii a deadly pest of M. dubia, that can kill the trees within weeks.
General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Munting (1977). Description and illustration of the Xylocarpus-associated form in Takagi & De Faveri (2011). Tang (1977) described A. carwii from China and mentioned some plants as its hosts. However, it is not clear which of the host plants he really confirmed. He suppressed Aulacaspis citri as a synonym of A. crawii. In 1986, he admitted that A. citri was distinguishable from A. crawii.

Illustrations

Citations

AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 32
Ali1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 71
Borchs1958: taxonomy, 166
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 136, 137
Brain1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225-226
Brimbl1959b: taxonomy, 396
Chen1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34-40, 41, 126
ChenWuSu1980: taxonomy, 291, 293, 295, 296
Cheo1935: distribution, host, 95
Chou1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1, 12-14
Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 127, 132
Chou1986: illustration, 528
Cocker1898b: description, distribution, taxonomy, 190-191
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 398
Cocker1901l: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225
Cocker1902d: distribution, taxonomy, 59
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 195
DaoBeWa2018: distribution, morphology, phylogeny, 82
DaoBeWa2023: key, 1029
Essig1931: taxonomy, 595
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 233
Ferris1953: distribution, host, 60
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 9,23
Fullaw1932: distribution, taxonomy, 95, 102
Giliom1966: catalog, distribution, host, 422
Hall1946a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 505, 549, 550
Hartma1916: distribution, host, 103
HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 190
Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148
JianXi2024: key, 596
JoshiMoMe2023: distribution, host, key, 240
JoshiPrKu2022: description, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 82
Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 73
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 197
Kuwana1917a: taxonomy, 14
Kuwana1926: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 22, 25-26
Kuwana1927: distribution, host, 72
Lindin1907a: taxonomy, 19
Lindin1908: taxonomy, 89, 90, 91
MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 314, 315
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 39
Matile1976: distribution, host, taxonomy, 309
MunroFo1936: catalog, distribution, host, 85
Muntin1970a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 38
Muntin1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 2-4
Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 395
Nishid2002: catalog, 141
NiuCaWe2023: genebank, key, phylogeny, 304, 307, 310
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 14, 74
Scott1952: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 35, 36-37, 44, 6
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 316, 325
SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
Takagi1970: distribution, host, 83, 132
Takagi2013: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43, 45-52, 69-80
Takagi2017: distribution, host, 78
TakagiDe2009: distribution, host, structure, 106-107, 112
TakagiKa1966: taxonomy, 114
Takaha1930: distribution, host, 37, 38
Takaha1930: distribution, host,
Takaha1935: biological control, 1
Takaha1942b: taxonomy, 38
Tang1977: taxonomy, 186
Tang1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 196, 294
Tang2001: taxonomy, 3
Tao1978: distribution, host, 103
Tao1999: distribution, host, 74-75
TianXi2022: distribution, key, 173, 175
Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 292
Wang1982c: description, taxonomy, 93, 94-95
WeiJiZh2016: key, 21
Willia2017a: list of species, 223
Wu1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 204
Yang1982: taxonomy, 243
ZhangWaCh1993: biological control, distribution, 174
Zimmer1948: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 377, 381