Valid Names Results
Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898) (Diaspididae: Aulacaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Diaspis crawii Cockerell 1898b: 190-191. Type data: CHINA: at quarantine in San Francisco, California, on unidentified host, by A. Craw. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Diaspis crawii fulleri Cockerell 1901l: 225. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Maritzburg, on Melia azedarach, by C. Fuller. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Muntin1970a,38). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Muntin1977, 2).
- Aulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
- Aulacaspis crawii fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
- Aulacaspis crawi (Cockerell, 1898); Lindinger 1907a: 19. misspelling of species epithet
- Diaspis (Aulacaspis) fulleri Cockerell, 1901; Brain 1919: 225-226. change of combination and rank
- Pseudaulacaspis crawii (Cockerell, 1898); MacGillivray 1921: 314. change of combination
- Pseudaulacaspis fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); MacGillivray 1921: 315. change of combination
- Aulacaspis fulleri (Cockerell, 1901); Fullaway 1932: 95. change of combination
Common Names
- azedarach scale AbdRabEv2021
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 16 | Genera: 20
- Amphorogynaceae
- Dendrotrophe frutescens | NormarOkMo2019
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus umbellata | Fernal1903b
- Euphorbiaceae
- Ricinus | Brain1919
- Fabaceae
- Acrocarpus fraxinifolius | JoshiPrKu2022
- Lamiaceae
- Gmelina arborea | JoshiPrKu2022
- Malvaceae
- Hibiscus tiliaceus | Takagi1970
- Meliaceae
- Aglaia odorata | Zimmer1948
- Melia azedarach | Cocker1901l
- Melia dubia | JoshiPrKu2022
- Xylocarpus granatum | TakagiDe2009
- Oleaceae
- Ligustrum | Hua2000
- Orchidaceae
- Cymbidium | Hua2000
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus spina-christi | Hua2000
- Rosaceae
- Rubus pinnatus | Matile1976
- Rubiaceae
- Damnacanthus | Hua2000
- Neolamarckia cadamba | JoshiPrKu2022
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Scott1952
- Citrus trifoliata | Hua2000 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Murraya paniculata | Nakaha1981a
- Simaroubaceae
- Ailanthus triphysa | JoshiPrKu2022
- Smilacaceae
- Smilax | Borchs1966
- Theaceae
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 3
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus circumdatus | JoshiPrKu2022
- Sticholotis cribellata | JoshiPrKu2022
- Sticholotis obscurella | JoshiPrKu2022
- Sticholotis rugicollis | JoshiPrKu2022
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus | JoshiPrKu2022
- Cybocephalus nipponicus | LeeLeSe2024
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 9
- China | Cocker1898b
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Tao1999
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Wu1935
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Hua2000
- Guizhou (=Kweichow) | Hua2000
- Hainan | Tao1999
- Hunan | Hua2000
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | Hua2000
- Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | Tao1999
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Hua2000
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | Tao1999
- Tianjin (=Tientsin) | Tang1986
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | Tao1999
- Xizang (=Tibet) | Tao1999
- Yunnan | Ali1969
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Hua2000
- Hawaiian Islands | Takagi1970
- Oahu | Zimmer1948
- India | JoshiPrKu2022
- Kerala | JoshiPrKu2022
- Japan | Fernal1903b
- Kyushu | Kuwana1902
- Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011
- Malaysia
- Malaya | TakagiDe2011
- Saint Helena | Matile1976
- South Africa | Cocker1901l
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990 DaoBeWa2023
Keys
- JianXi2024: pp.595-597 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis from China]
- JoshiMoMe2023: pp.244-245 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Aulacaspis]
- DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
- JoshiBhSa2023: pp.187 ( Adult (F) ) [Indian species of Aulacaspis]
- TianXi2022: pp.174-176 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis species from China]
- WeiJiZh2016: pp.18-22 ( Adult (F) ) [Aulacaspis from China]
- SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted adult female)]
- Chen1983: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
- Chou1982: pp.127 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Aulacaspis]
- Wang1982c: pp.93 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
- Muntin1977: pp.2 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Aulacaspis from southern Africa]
- Scott1952: pp.36 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
- Chou1949: pp.14 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the genera of Aulacaspis in China]
- Zimmer1948: pp.377 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Aulacaspis recorded from Hawaii] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
- Hall1946a: pp.505 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Ethiopian Aulacaspis] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
- Fullaw1932: pp.95 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Hawaiian Diaspinae] Key as: Aulacaspis fulleri
- Kuwana1926: pp.22 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Aulacaspis]
- MacGil1921: pp.314, 315 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis] Key as: Pseudaulacaspis crawii and Pseudaulacaspis fulleri
Remarks
- Systematics: Aulacaspis crawii is close to A. spinosa and A. neospinosa. It differs from them by the 2nd stage female with only 4 marginal macroducts on each side of the pygidium and by the presence of double rows of submedial macroducts on the 1st abdominal segment of the adult female (Tang, 1986). Munting (1977) stated "no constant differences could be found between the material of fulleri and that of crawii and although the median lobes are more rounded in the specimens of crawii this variation does occur in the material of fulleri collected by the writer. The difference in the gland spines mentioned by Cockerell could not be verified and fulleri is therefore considered a synonym of crawii.
is broadly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, comprising local forms, which are diverse in various features. According to Chen, Aulacaspis citri and A. intermedia, differ from A. crawii in the body constricted across the metathorax, in the disc pores associated with the posterior spiracls much fewer,, and in other details. (Takagi, 2013) - Structure: Female scale about 3mm in diameter, circular, slightly convex, white. Exuviae subcentral to sublateral, rather large, but inconspicuous, being of a very pale ochreous color (Cockerell, 1898b).
- Biology: These scales completely covered the main trunk from the base, up to a height of 12 m. The bark appeared conspicuously white even from a distance. The extent and nature of damage makes A. crawii a deadly pest of M. dubia, that can kill the trees within weeks.
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Munting (1977). Description and illustration of the Xylocarpus-associated form in Takagi & De Faveri (2011). Tang (1977) described A. carwii from China and mentioned some plants as its hosts. However, it is not clear which of the host plants he really confirmed. He suppressed Aulacaspis citri as a synonym of A. crawii. In 1986, he admitted that A. citri was distinguishable from A. crawii.
Illustrations
Citations
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 32
- Ali1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 71
- Borchs1958: taxonomy, 166
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 136, 137
- Brain1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225-226
- Brimbl1959b: taxonomy, 396
- Chen1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34-40, 41, 126
- ChenWuSu1980: taxonomy, 291, 293, 295, 296
- Cheo1935: distribution, host, 95
- Chou1949: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1, 12-14
- Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 127, 132
- Chou1986: illustration, 528
- Cocker1898b: description, distribution, taxonomy, 190-191
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 398
- Cocker1901l: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 225
- Cocker1902d: distribution, taxonomy, 59
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 195
- DaoBeWa2018: distribution, morphology, phylogeny, 82
- DaoBeWa2023: key, 1029
- Essig1931: taxonomy, 595
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 233
- Ferris1953: distribution, host, 60
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 9,23
- Fullaw1932: distribution, taxonomy, 95, 102
- Giliom1966: catalog, distribution, host, 422
- Hall1946a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 505, 549, 550
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 103
- HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 190
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148
- JianXi2024: key, 596
- JoshiBaBh2024: host plant, 2
- JoshiBhSa2023: economic importance, host plant, 181
- JoshiMoMe2023: distribution, host, key, 240
- JoshiPrKu2022: description, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 82
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, 73
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 197
- Kuwana1917a: taxonomy, 14
- Kuwana1926: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 22, 25-26
- Kuwana1927: distribution, host, 72
- Lindin1907a: taxonomy, 19
- Lindin1908: taxonomy, 89, 90, 91
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 314, 315
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, host, 39
- Matile1976: distribution, host, taxonomy, 309
- MunroFo1936: catalog, distribution, host, 85
- Muntin1970a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 38
- Muntin1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 2-4
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 395
- Nishid2002: catalog, 141
- NiuCaWe2023: genebank, key, phylogeny, 304, 307, 310
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 14, 74
- Scott1952: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 35, 36-37, 44, 6
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 316, 325
- SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
- Takagi1970: distribution, host, 83, 132
- Takagi2013: distribution, host, taxonomy, 43, 45-52, 69-80
- Takagi2017: distribution, host, 78
- TakagiDe2009: distribution, host, structure, 106-107, 112
- TakagiKa1966: taxonomy, 114
- Takaha1930: distribution, host, 37, 38
- Takaha1930: distribution, host,
- Takaha1935: biological control, 1
- Takaha1942b: taxonomy, 38
- Tang1977: taxonomy, 186
- Tang1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 196, 294
- Tang2001: taxonomy, 3
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 103
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 74-75
- TianXi2022: distribution, key, 173, 175
- Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 292
- Wang1982c: description, taxonomy, 93, 94-95
- WeiJiZh2016: key, 21
- Willia2017a: list of species, 223
- Wu1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 204
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 243
- ZhangWaCh1993: biological control, distribution, 174
- Zimmer1948: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 377, 381
