Valid Names Results

Aonidiella taxus Leonardi, 1906 (Diaspididae: Aonidiella)

Nomenclatural History

Aonidiella aurantii; Berlese & Leonardi 1895: 23. misidentification
Aonidiella taxus Leonardi 1906: 1. Type data: ITALY: Portici, on Taxus baccata.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; accepted valid name Illustr.
Chrysomphalus taxus (Leonardi, 1906); Sanders 1909a: 55. change of combination
Aonidiella taxa Leonardi, 1906; MacGillivray 1921: 443. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
Aspidiotus britannicus; Balachowsky 1928a: 138. misidentification (discovered by Borchs1966, 299).
Aspidiotus taxus (Leonardi, 1906); Lindinger 1935: 132. change of combination requiring emendation of specific epithet for agreement in gender
Aspidiotus taxus (Leonardi, 1906); Lindinger 1935: 132. revived combination (previously published)
Aonidiella taxus Leonardi, 1906; McKenzie 1938: 15. revived combination (previously published)

Common Names

Asiatic red scale McKenz1956 MillerDa2005
Escama roja Asiática WatsonKo2022a
maki-aka-maru-kaigaramushi WatsonKo2022a

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 3 | Genera: 4

Cephalotaxaceae

Cephalotaxus fortunei | Hadzib1983
Cephalotaxus harringtonii | TakahaTa1956

Podocarpaceae

Nageia nagi | Ferris1942 McKenz1956
Podocarpus | Balach1948b Ferris1942 McKenz1956 Ferris1942 McKenz1937 McKenz1956 BesheaTiHo1973 Takagi1970 Takaha1955f
Podocarpus cunninghamii | Hadzib1983
Podocarpus macrophyllus | Dekle1965c McKenz1946 McKenz1956 RosenDe1979 Takagi1970 TakahaTa1956
Podocarpus neriifolius | BicheArMe2022

Taxaceae

Taxus | McKenz1946 Takagi1970
Taxus baccata | Balach1927 Balach1948b Ferris1942 Leonar1906 Leonar1920 McKenz1937 Sander1909a Tang1984

Foes:

Families: 2 | Genera: 3

Aphelinidae

Aphytis japonicus | RosenDe1979
Aphytis vandenboschi | RosenDe1979
Aphytis yasumatsui | RosenDe1979
Marietta carnesi | Viggia1990b

Encyrtidae

Comperiella bifasciata | Flande1944a

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 12

Algeria | Balach1927 SaighiDoBi2005

Argentina | Ferris1942

Buenos Aires | McKenz1937

Brazil | Nakaha1982

China | Tang1984

Henan (=Honan) | Shen1993

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1983

Italy | Ferris1942 Leonar1906 Leonar1920 LongoMaPe1995 McKenz1937

Japan | Ferris1942 Kawai1980 McKenz1937 RosenDe1979 Takaha1955f

Honshu | TakahaTa1956
Kyushu | TakahaTa1956
Shikoku | TakahaTa1956

Philippines | Velasq1971

South Korea | ESKSAE1994

Spain | BlayGo1993

Taiwan | Takagi1970

United States

Alabama | Nakaha1982
California | Ferris1942 McKenz1946 McKenz1956
Florida | Dekle1965c
Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973
Louisiana | Ferris1942

Keys

SchneiClWe2020: pp.67-71 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini in Argentina]
BenDov2006: pp.55-57 ( Adult (F) ) [World (33 species)]
MillerDa2005: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
Gill1997: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of California]
Danzig1993: pp.159 ( Adult (F) ) [Europe]
Terezn1986: pp.85 ( Adult (F) ) [Ukraine]
Chou1985: pp.292 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of China]
Kawai1980: pp.211 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
McKenz1956: pp.23 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: California]
Lupo1954a: pp.41 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
McKenz1953: pp.36 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Balach1948b: pp.361 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
McKenz1946: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Ferris1942: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
McKenz1942b: pp.144-145 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1938: pp.17-18 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1937a: pp.178 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McKenz1937: pp.330 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Lupo1936: pp.261 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Leonar1920: pp.75 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]

Remarks

Systematics: (GenBank Accession No.: HM474072) (Ramasubramian, et al., 2016) For separation of A. taxus from A. aurantii, A. comperei, A. eremocitri and A. inornata, see comments under A. aurantii. For separation of A. taxus from A. orientalis, see comments under A. orientalis.
Structure: Scale of the female flat, circular, thin and translucent, with the red-brown body of the adult showing through it. The body of the adult female is of a diameter much smaller than the diameter of the scale and a conspicuous, pale, marginal zone thus appears. Scale of the male pale gray or slightly yellowish, the exuvia toward one end (Ferris, 1942).
Biology: Occurring on the leaves (Ferris, 1942). Reproduction in A. taxus is sexual and oviparous. In the Crimea area of the former Soviet Union there are 2 generations per year, whereas in China (Shanghai) there are 3 or 4 generations annually. (Watson & Kondo, 2022a)
Economic Importance: This species is distributed in southern USA, South America, some Mediterranean countries, Japan and China, damaging Taxus and Podocarpus trees (Schmutterer, 1957; Miller & Davidson, 1990).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1942), McKenzie (1938, 1956), Velasquez (1971), Tang (1984), Chou (1985, 1986) and by Gill (1997).

Illustrations

Citations

Balach1927: distribution, host, 178
Balach1928a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 138,142
Balach1948b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 370-373
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 256
BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 103
BenDov2006: distribution, taxonomy, 51,55-57
BenDovGe2003: catalog, 140-143
BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 4
BlayGo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 523-526
Borchs1939: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 8,21
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 212,221
Borchs1966: catalog, 299
Bustsh1958: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 220,248
Caltag1985: biological control, taxonomy, 189-200
Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 296
Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 680
ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 12
ComperFlSm1941: biological control, 291,301
CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, host, 38-41
Danzig1993: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 162-163
DanzigPe1998: catalog, 184
DavidsMi1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 603-632
Dekle1957: distribution, host, 71-72
Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22
Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 33
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 113
Ebelin1949: control, distribution, host, life history,
Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 48
Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 425,446:29
Flande1944a: biological control, 365-371
Foldi2001: distribution, 303-308
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
Gill1997: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 50-51
Hadzib1983: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 227-229
HoyHe1985: biological control,
HoyHe1985: biological control,
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 211
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
Leonar1906: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-5
Leonar1907a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 131
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 81-83
Lindin1912b: taxonomy, 358
Lindin1935: taxonomy, 132
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 125
Lupo1936: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 257-260
Lupo1954a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-55
MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 443
McKenz1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 327-328,331
McKenz1938: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 15,34
McKenz1939: taxonomy, 55
McKenz1942b: taxonomy, 145
McKenz1946: distribution, host, taxonomy, 32-33
McKenz1953: taxonomy, 36
McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 42-43
Mead1983: distribution, host, 1-5
MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 300
MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 62-64
Muraka1970: distribution, host, 71
Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 8
QinTaFe1997: distribution, host, life history, 109-113
RamasuRaNi2016: genebank, 443
RamosPeKo2017: economic importance, 8139
Robiso1990: anatomy, structure, 213
RosenDe1979: biological control, distribution, host, 400-402,558-562,
Ryan1946: distribution, host, 124-125
Ryan1946: distribution, 125
SaighiDoBi2005: distribution, host, 429-433
Sakai1939: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 45-62
Sander1909a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 484
SchneiClWe2020: key, 69
SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
Shen1993: distribution, host, 58
StoetzDa1974: life history, taxonomy, 138-140
Suh2020: distribution, host, 15, 21
Takagi1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 131
Takagi1990b: structure, taxonomy, 7,17
TakagiRo1981: biological control, distribution, host, 314-321
Takaha1955f: distribution, host, 242
TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 15
Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 37-38
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 72
Terezn1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 88-89
Uemats1972: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 187-192
Uemats1974: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 177-182
Uemats1978: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 25-31
Uemats1979: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 79-86
Velasq1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 127-128
Viggia1990b: biological control, 180
WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
Watson2001: list, 177
WatsonKo2022a: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 437-439
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 233
Zahrad1990: description, distribution, host, 642