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Notes: In studies in Hunan, China, Temnaspidiotus destructor [Aspidiotus destructor] produced 3 generations annually, with the fertilized female overwintering on the stem of Actinidia trees. The sex ratio (females to males) was 1:1.04. Oviposition began in early to mid-April. The average total eggs laid by one female in each generation was 32-42 eggs. The effective accumulated temperature was 755.89 day-degrees for females and 727.6 day-degrees for males. Important natural enemies were Aphytis sp., Chilocorus chalybeatus and beetles. During the larval outbreak period, methamidophos (800x) produced >90% mortality.