Sunarto, D.A., Nurindah, _, Rahardjo, B.T., Tarno, H., & Afandhi, A. 2026 Parasitoid community structure and ecosystem services for biological control of armored scale insects in tropical citrus agroecosystems. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management 12(4): 1687-1700

Keywords:

natural enemies

Notes: From 1,050 samples five Aphelinidae parasitoid species were identified parasitizing five Diaspididae host species, comprising a functionally structured community dominated by two generalists (Aphytis melinus and Encarsia perniciosi) and one specialist (E. suzanae), with two additional rare taxa of limited biological control relevance.