Soares, A.O., Elias, R.B., & Schanderl, H. 1997 Encarsia citrina (Crawford) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae), a parasitoid of Unaspis citri (Comstock) and Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) (Homoptera, Diaspididae) in citrus orchards of Sao Miguel island (Azores).. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal, Plagas 23: 449-456.

Notes: Two citrus orchards were selected in the Azores, Portugal, in order to determine seasonal abundance and active parasitism of Encarsia citrina, in relation to the population structure of the hosts Unaspis citri and Lepidosaphes beckii. The annual proportion of parasitism in the different developmental stages of the hosts was also determined. E. citrina contributed considerably to the biological control of these armored scales, lowering the proportion of larvae and males in the populations of U. citri and L. beckii, respectively. The greatest flight activity and oviposition occurred in spring and summer and active parasitism on U. citri was lower in summer and relatively high in the remaining seasons. In L. beckii, summer and spring were seasons of high parasitic activity. Active parasitism and population abundance of E. citrina, depended on the presence of susceptible stages for parasitism, and on the abiotic conditions (mainly temperature).