Roush, R.T. 1981 Genetic improvement of parasites.. Genetics in Relation to Insect Management: A Rockefeller Foundation Conference, March 31-April l5, 1978, Bellagio, Italy. The Rockefeller Foundation [N.Y.] 179 pp.

Notes: Ceroplastes rubens became an important pest when it was introduced into Japan in 1897. After many failed attempts to locate an effective natural enemy, Anicetus beneficus was discovered attacking this scale on Kyushu. This strain was later colonized on other islands where it proved extremely effective. This is viewed as an example of natural selection which could explain the increases in parasitism that were observed.