Rodrigo, E., & Garcia Marí, F. 2003 The process of colonization of growing citrus fruits by three diaspidid species.. Bulletin OILB/SROP (Sect. Reg. Ouest Palearctique) 26(6): 107.

Notes: [Integrated control in citrus fruit crops. Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group, Valencia, Spain, 6-8 November, 2002. Garcia-Marí, F. (Ed.) Publisher: International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Animals and Plants (OIBC/OILB), West Palaearctic Regional Section (WPRS/SROP), Garcia-Marí, F. (Ed.)] The process of invasion of the fruit surface by three species of armoured scale insects (Lepidosaphes beckii, Parlatoria pergandii and Aonidiella aurantii), was studied in citrus orchards in València, Spain. By means of sticky tape traps located around the branches, three moments of intense crawler migration were detected throughout the year. The circulation of crawlers increased over the year and they moved preferentially outwards in the tree canopy. The three species invaded the fruits continuously during the period of fruit growing, starting at a very early stage of fruit development by crawlers of the first generation. Differences were observed in settling and fruit invasion behaviour between the three species. First generation crawlers of L. beckii and P. pergandii tended to settle under the fruit calyx, but not A. aurantii. During the second generation, most scales of A. aurantii originated from the reproduction of females already settled on the fruit, while L. beckii and P. pergandii came preferentially from other tree substrates or from females settled under the fruit calyx.