Quesada, C.R., & Sadof, C.S. 2019 Field evaluation of insecticides and application timing on natural enemies of selected armored and soft scales. Biological Control 133: 81–90

Keywords:

  • biological control
  • natural enemies
  • Notes: We studied how timing of applying reduced risk insecticides affected the natural enemies of scales in relation to their life histories and seasonal abundance. This study was conducted on trees that were naturally infested with either the soft scale, calico scale Eulecanium cerasorum (Cockerell) or armored scales, striped pine scale Toumeyella pini (King) and pine needle scale Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch).