Hammond, W.N.O., Neuenschwander, P., & Herren, H.R. 1987 Impact of the exotic parasitoid Epidinocarsis lopezi on cassava mealybug (Phenacoccus manihoti) populations.. Insect Science and its Application 8(4/5/6): 887-891.

Notes: Epidinocarsis lopezi, an exotic parasitoid to Africa, was first released to control the cassava mealybug (CM), Phenacoccus manihoti, at IITA (Ibadan) in 1981, and a year later at Abeokuta, both in southwestern Nigeria. A population dynamics study of CM and its natural enemies was conducted for 4 years. CM populations were drastically reduced in release fields when compared with control fields. Subsequently CM populations have been maintained below injury levels for 4 years. E. lopezi is considered an efficient parasitoid of the CM.