Gunn, B.H. 1978 Sexual dimorphism in the first instar of the cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus De Lotto (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae).. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 41: 333-338.

Notes: Simple method for separation of sexes; first clear sexual dimorphism in crawlers of Dactylopiidae.