Forster, L.D., Luck, R.F., & Grafton-Cardwell, E.E. 1995 Life stages of California red scale and its parasitoids.. Publication (Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California) No. 21529, 12 pp.

Notes: Discussions include general phenology, first and second instars, males, females, primary control agent (Aphytis melinus), secondary control agent (Comperiella bifasciata), other natural enemies and field evaluation procedures. Color photographs, a chart depicting scale stages and preferences of three beneficial parasitoids for each stage, and a decision-making flow chart are provided.