Flanders, S.E. 1966 Unique biological aspects of the genus Casca and a description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 59(1): 79-82.

Notes: Species of the genus Casca are unique among the endoparasites of armored scale insects in that (1) larval development within full-grown hosts is generally gregarious, (2) the male adult emerges from its host after the emergence of the female (the interval between the emergence of the 2 sexes not exceeding the time required for the completion of embryonic development in female-producing fertilized egg), and (3) embryonic development in the male-producing unfertilized egg, in contrast to the female-producing egg, is inhibited by the body fluids of the coccid host. Scale species mentioned include Aspidiotus destructor, Aonidiella aurantii, A. citrina and Lepidosaphes chinensis.