Eliason, E.A., & McCullough, D.G. 1997 Survival and fecundity of three insects reared on four varieties of Scotch pine Christmas trees.. Journal of Economic Entomology 90: 1598-1608.

Notes: Dioryctria zimmermanni, Neodiprion sertifer and Chionaspis pinifoliae were reared on 4 varieties of Scotch pines (Pinus sylvestris). Survival and fecundity of each species were evaluated in 1994 and 1995 in Michigan. The varieties tested were Riga, Belgium, Land O'Pine, and Pike Lake Improved. Abundance and fecundity of C. pinifoliae reared on Belgium and Land O'Pine were significantly lower than those reared on varieties Riga and Pike Lake Improved.