Valid Names Results
Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell, 1898 (Pseudococcidae: Phenacoccus)Nomenclatural History
- Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & Cockerell 1898: 170. Type data: MEXICO: on 'amistad' closely allied to cotton and probably a species of Gossypium. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Willia1987c,340). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Phenacoccus helianthi gossypii Townsend & Cockerell, 1898; Cockerell 1899a: 391. change in status (level)
- Phenacoccus gossypii Ben-Dov 1994: 320. revived status (position)
Common Names
- Mexican mealybug Bartle1978e McKenz1967
- mexican mealybug McKenz1960
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 13 | Genera: 25
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Hedera helix | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Asteraceae
- Artemisia dracunculus | ServinArTe2014
- Borrichia arborescens | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
- Borrichia frutescens | BenDov1994 Willia1987a
- Callistephus × sinensis | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Carphephorus odoratissimus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c | (= Trilisa odoratissima)
- Eupatorium | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
- Farfugium japonicum | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | (= Senecio kempferi)
- Helianthus | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
- Pluchea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
- Cephalotaxaceae
- Cephalotaxus | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Fabaceae
- Erythrina | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Phaseolus vulgaris | PerezGCa1987
- Geraniaceae
- Geranium robertianum | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Pelargonium | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Lamiaceae
- Coleus | BugajNJuKa2021
- Malvaceae
- Gossypium | BenDov1994 TownseCo1898 WilliaGr1992
- Gossypium hirsutum | LomeliLiGo2021
- Malva | GomezM1946 Martin1985
- Plantaginaceae
- Veronica | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
- Primulaceae
- Primula | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Rosaceae
- Eriobotrya japonica | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | (= Mespilus japonica)
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum annuum | PerezGCa1987 LomeliLiGo2021
- Capsicum frutescens | GermaiDeLa2016
- Solanum lycopersicum | PerezGCa1987
- Verbenaceae
- Lantana | Beards1975 BenDov1994
- Vitaceae
- Ampelopsis arborea | BenDov1994 Willia1987c
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 7
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus gurneyi | Blumbe1997
- Coccinellidae
- Diomus ochroderus | BennetSi1964 | (= Scymnus ochroderus)
- Hyperaspis onerata | BennetSi1964
- Scymnobius bilucernarius | BennetSi1964 | (= Scymnus bilucernarius)
- Encyrtidae
- Acerophagus pallidus | Flande1935 Moore1988
- Dicarnosis ripariensis | LomeliLiGo2021
- Leptomastix dactylopii | Blumbe1997
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 11
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | WalkerWaEv1974
- Bahamas | BenDov1994 Willia1987c WilliaGr1992
- Canary Islands | MatileOr2001
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Italy
- Sicily | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Mexico | BenDov1994 TownseCo1898 WilliaGr1992
- Baja California Sur | ServinArTe2014
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976
- Spain | GomezM1946 Martin1985
- United States
- Florida | PenaWa1982
Keys
- GranarSz2007: pp.41-43 ( Adult (F) ) [Phencoccus species of South America]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.348 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- McKenz1967: pp.215 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
- McKenz1964: pp.239 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Beards1960: pp.211 ( Adult (M) ) [Hawaii]
- Ferris1953a: pp.395 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1950b: pp.121 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Zimmer1948: pp.161 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: P. gossypii and P. madeirensis differ from P. franseriae and P. psidiarum by lacking dorsal cerarii on the abdomen and from each other by the presence in P. gossypii of dorsal submedial multilocular pores on the mesothorax that are absent from P. madeirensis, as was also recorded by Williams & Granara de Willink (1992). Their phylogenetic analysis, based on morphology, recovered P. gossypii and P. madeirensis in the same clade, although nesting in separate subclades (Granara de Willink & Szumik 2007). Watson, et al. 2017 morphological analysis shows that the absolute presence versus absence of dorsal multilocular pores on the thorax, is not sufficient to reliably separate P. gossypii from P. madeirensis. We suggest instead that pore counts could be used, with P. gossypii as currently understood having a total of more than 70 dorsal multilocular pores on the pro- and mesothorax versus P. madeirensis having fewer than five. However, this character does not allow separation of the cryptic species evidenced by their DNA analysis within the P. madeirensis complex.
- Structure: Colour photograph given by McKenzie (1967).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris in Zimmerman (1948), Ferris (1950b), Williams (1987c), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992) and by Granara & Szumik (2007). Description and illustration of the adult male (of population in Hawaii) given by Beardsley (1960; 1962). Phenacoccus harbisoni was synonymized with P. gossypii by McKenzie (1967), but was later synonymized with P. madeirensis by Williams (1987c). Williams (1987c) indicated that many records in various publications under the binomen P. gossypii appear to be misindetification of P. madeirensis. Kondo, et al. 2002, confirmed that previous reports of the Mexican mealybug in Japan (Kawai 1990, Kinjo et al., 1996) were a misidentification of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green.
Illustrations
Citations
- Aldric1996: chemical ecology, chemistry, life history, physiology, 205-206
- Bartle1978e: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 149
- Beards1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 222-223
- Beards1962: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87-88
- Beards1975: distribution, host, taxonomy, 657
- BellotKa1980: biological control, 312-335
- BellotSc1985: distribution, economic importance, host, 341-392
- BenDov1994: 320
- BennetSi1964: biological control, 81-94
- Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
- Boyce1948: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- BoyceFa1947: biological control, 702-705
- BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 309
- Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 391
- Comper1939: biological control, 57-73
- Doutt1952: structure, taxonomy, 391-397
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 119
- Ferris1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 145-147
- Flande1935: biological control, 552
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 4
- GomezM1946: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 91-94
- GranarSz2007: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 61-63,71
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- HagenBoMc1976: biological control, life history,
- Heming1936: biological control, 633
- IPMC1984: economic importance, 1
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 37
- KondoEsKa2002: distribution, taxonomy, 337-340
- LambdiJo2001: structure, 113-117
- Leach1940: life history, 1-3
- Lloyd1958: biological control, 45-468
- Marott1987a: distribution, host, 110
- Martin1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 95
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 10,35,82,126,163
- MatileOr2001: distribution, host, 195
- McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 248-254
- McLeod1939: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 62-68
- MestreHaHo2015: distribution, 39
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Moore1988: biological control, distribution, 212
- PenaWa1982: distribution, economic importance, host, 147
- PerezG2008: distribution, 216
- PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 129
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 69-70
- RotundGi1987: chemistry, life history, 195-202
- ServinArTe2014: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Smith1958: chemical control, distribution, host, 335-338
- TownseCo1898: description, host, taxonomy, 170-171
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 16
- WatsonWiVo2017: distribution, molecular data, morphology, taxonomy, 115-126
- Willia1987c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 340-343
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 247
- WilliaGr1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 361, 362
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 161-165
