Valid Names Results

Parthenolecanium pruinosum (Coquillett, 1891) (Coccidae: Parthenolecanium)

Nomenclatural History

• Lecanium pruinosum Coquillett 1891: 382. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Los Angeles, on apricot.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
• Lecanium robiniae Townsend 1892a: 11. Type data: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Las Cruces, on imported trees of black locust Robinia pseudacacia.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 442).
• Lecanium pruinosum pruinosum Coquillett, 1891; Tyrrell 1896: 268. change in status (level)
• Lecanium (Eulecanium) pruinosum; Cockerell 1896b: 333. subsequent use
• Eulecanium robiniae (Townsend, 1892); Cockerell 1902g: 178. change of combination
• Eulecanium robiniae subsimile Cockerell 1902m: 178. Type data: MEXICO: Cerro Chilicote, on ash and Rhus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 442).
• Parthenolecanium pruinosum (Coquillett, 1891); Nakahara 1981a: 285. change of combination
• Eulecanium pruinosum; Bolu 2012: 110. misspelling of genus name

Common Names

• frosted scale Gill1988
• Escama blanda grande de los ciruelos KondoGaWa2022
• prune scale KondoGaWa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 7 | Genera: 7

Foes:

Families: 3 | Genera: 4

Geographic Distribution

Keys

• Koszta1996: pp.358 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
• Gill1988: pp.60 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]

Remarks

• Systematics: The taxonomic status of Part. pruinosum remains uncertain (Ben-Dov unpubl. data 2010), and it is regarded as part of the ‘corni-complex’ of species that have similarities to Part. corni (Danzig 1997). Females of this complex are normally covered in a white powdery wax, but the individuals collected from a vineyard in Gumeracha in the Adelaide Hills lacked this wax and differed by seven base pairs from other Part. pruinosum. This suggests that Part. pruinosum may include multiple species in Australia. (Rakimov, et al., 2013) Parthenolecanium pruinosum resembles P. persicae in having numerous dorsal submarginal tubercles, but the species can be separated by: (i) few dorsal tubular ducts on P. persicae (numerous on P. pruinosum); and (ii) the presence of ventral tubular ducts with short swollen inner ductules in P. persicae (ventral tubular ducts with slender inner ductules in P. pruinosum). (Kondo, Gavrilov, Watson, et al., 2022)
• Structure: See colour photograph in Gill (1988). Adult females of P. pruinosum becoming fairly convex with maturity, usually with a smooth surface; younger specimens yellowish, lightly covered in fluffy wax; mature specimens yellowish brown, brown to dark brown, often becoming densely covered with white fluffy wax. Older specimens of P. pruinosum may be indistinguishable from other Parthenolecanium species or even some Eulecanium species if the powdery wax is absent. (Kondo, Gavrilov, Watson, et al., 2022)
• Economic Importance: This species must now be considered a common coccid pest of grapevines in Australia. (Rakimov, et al., 2013) In the glasshouse, the frosted scale population was relativelyhigh on Riesling, moderate on Pinot Noir and least on Sauvignon Blanc, but the response of these cultivars to insect feeding differed, with variation in some of the plant parameters measured. Overall, both chlorophyll concentration and number of internodes were reduced in the presence of frosted scale, but increasing scale numbers affected only internode numbers. The number of dry fallen leaves also increased for scale-infested plants, which could limit the number of scales that develop if leaf drop occurs soon after scale infestation and could also affect photosynthetic activity of the host plant. (Simbiken, et al., 2015)
• General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Gill (1988) and by Kosztarab (1966).

Illustrations

Citations