Valid Names Results
Parlatoria theae Cockerell, 1896 (Diaspididae: Parlatoria)Nomenclatural History
- Parlatoria theae Cockerell 1896h: 21. Type data: JAPAN: on Thea sp., by Takahashi. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Parlatoria theae viridis Cockerell 1896h: 21. Type data: JAPAN: on ornamental plant, by Craw. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Kuwana1925, 12).
- Parlatoria viridis Cockerell, 1896; Cockerell 1897p: 592. change in status (level)
- Parlatoria theae euonymi Cockerell 1897p: 591-592. Type data: JAPAN: on Euonymus sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Kuwana1925, 12).
- Parlatoria pergandei theae Cockerell, 1896; Kuwana 1902: 78-79. change in status (level)
- Parlatoria (Euparlatoria) Theae Cockerell, 1896; Leonardi 1904a: 15. change of combination
- Parlatoria (Euparlatoria) Theae viridis Cockerell, 1896; Leonardi 1904a: 19. change of combination
- Parlatoria (Euparlatoria) Theae Evonymi Leonardi, 1904; Leonardi 1904a: 20. change of combination and misspelling of species epithet Notes: This is also a misspelling of euonymi.
- Syngenaspis theae (Cockerell, 1896); MacGillivray 1921: 249. change of combination
- Syngenaspis theae euonymi (Cockerell, 1897); MacGillivray 1921: 250. change of combination
- Syngenaspis theae viridis (Cockerell, 1896); MacGillivray 1921: 249. change of combination
- Parlatoria pergandei dives Bellio 1929a: 234-235. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan, on Thea sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by McKenz1945, 53). Illustr.
- Parlatoria dives Bellio, 1929; McKenzie 1945: 53. change in status (level)
- Parlatoria euonymi Cockerell, 1897; McKenzie 1945: 53. change in status (level)
- Parlatoreopsis theae (Cockerell, 1896); Kawai 1972: 22. change of combination
Common Names
- tea parlatoria scale McKenz1956
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 36 | Genera: 61
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum | MillerDa2005 Muraka1970
- Viburnum dentatum | Borchs1937a
- Viburnum dilatatum | Borchs1937a
- Viburnum lantana | BatsanKaKi2017
- Viburnum odoratissimum | Kuwana1925 Suh2020 | including var. awabuki
- Viburnum orientale | BatsanKaKi2017
- Viburnum tinus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Borchs1937a Paik1978
- Ilex colchica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Ilex cornuta | Paik1978 Suh2020
- Ilex pedunculosa | Cocker1899s
- Ilex serrata | JansenAl2023
- Arecaceae
- Rhapis humilis | Tang1984b
- Buxaceae
- Buxus microphylla | JansenAl2023
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis | Borchs1966
- Celastraceae
- Euonymus | Cocker1897p Kuwana1925 MillerDa2005
- Euonymus alatus | Suh2020
- Euonymus fortunei | Muraka1970 | (= Euonymus radicans)
- Euonymus japonicus | Paik1978 | (= Masakia japonica)
- Cistaceae
- Cistus creticus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Cornaceae
- Cornus | Borchs1937a MillerDa2005
- Cornus controversa | Muraka1970
- Cornus macrophylla | Kuwana1902
- Cornus mas | BatsanKaKi2017
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Diospyros kaki | Kuwana1902
- Diospyros lotus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus | Borchs1937a Morris1939a
- Elaeagnus pungens | Kuwana1925
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus | Borchs1937a
- Ericaceae
- Enkianthus | Borchs1937a MillerDa2005
- Rhododendron luteum | BatsanKaKi2017
- Vaccinium arctostaphylos | BatsanKaKi2017
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | Borchs1966
- Croton | MillerDa2005
- Euphorbia | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | Borchs1966 | (= Poinsettia)
- Fabaceae
- Bauhinia | Borchs1937a
- Garryaceae
- Aucuba | MillerDa2005 Morris1939a Paik1978
- Aucuba japonica | Paik1978 Takagi1960
- Grossulariaceae
- Ribes nigrum | Borchs1937a
- Hamamelidaceae
- Corylopsis | MillerDa2005
- Lauraceae
- Laurus nobilis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Neolitsea sericea | Paik1978
- Persea | Borchs1966
- Lythraceae
- Punica | MillerDa2005
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | Borchs1937a
- Magnolia grandiflora | Borchs1937a | (= Magnolia longifolia)
- Malvaceae
- Althaea | MillerDa2005
- Hibiscus | Borchs1937a MillerDa2005
- Hibiscus syriacus | Kuwana1902 Paik1978
- Myricaceae
- Oleaceae
- Osmanthus | Morris1939a
- Osmanthus fragrans | Kuwana1902
- Syringa | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Cleyera japonica | Kuwana1925 Muraka1970 | (= Eurya ochnacea)(= Thea japonica)(= Cleyera ochnacea)
- Eurya | Morris1939a
- Eurya japonica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Podocarpaceae
- Nageia nagi | Kuwana1925 | (= Podocarpus nagi)
- Podocarpus | Morris1939a
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus | MillerDa2005
- Rosaceae
- Armeniaca | Borchs1966
- Cerasus | Borchs1966
- Chaenomeles japonica | Borchs1937a | (= Cydonia japonica)
- Cotoneaster | MillerDa2005
- Crataegus | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Crataegus monogyna | JansenAl2023 | (=Crataegus cuneata)
- Eriobotrya | Borchs1966
- Kerria japonica | Muraka1970
- Malus | Borchs1960b MillerDa2005
- Malus pumila | Muraka1970
- Photinia | Borchs1937a
- Prunus | Borchs1937a MillerDa2005
- Prunus armeniaca | Borchs1937a | (= Armeniaca vulgaris)
- Prunus cerasus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Prunus domestica | Cheo1935
- Prunus mume | Muraka1970
- Prunus persica | Borchs1937a Muraka1970 | (= Persica vulgaris)
- Pyracantha | Borchs1966
- Pyrus | MillerDa2005 Paik1978
- Pyrus communis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Pyrus serotina | Kuwana1925 Paik1978 | including var. culta
- Pyrus ussuriensis | TakahaTa1956 | (= Pyrus simonii)
- Rosa | Kuwana1925
- Rosa multiflora | Suh2020
- Spiraea | MillerDa2005
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | MillerDa2005
- Citrus trifoliata | Borchs1937a Kuwana1925 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Poncirus | Morris1939a
- Zanthoxylum | MillerDa2005
- Zanthoxylum piperitum | Borchs1937a
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | BatsanKaKi2017
- Acer crataegifolium | Kuwana1902
- Acer japonicum | Borchs1937a
- Acer palmatum | Borchs1937a Kuwana1925 | (= Acer polymorphum)
- Acer pictum var. mono | Kuwana1902 Muraka1970
- Smilacaceae
- Smilax sieboldii | Paik1978
- Staphyleaceae
- Staphylea | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005
- Styracaceae
- Styrax | Borchs1937a
- Theaceae
- Camellia | Cocker1896h MillerDa2005 | (= Thea)
- Camellia japonica | Kuwana1925
- Camellia oleifera | Hua2000
- Camellia sasanqua | BatsanKaKi2017
- Camellia sinensis | Hua2000 Kuwana1925 | (= Thea sinensis)
- Trochodendraceae
- Trochodendron aralioides | Takagi1969a
- Ulmaceae
- Zelkova serrata | JansenAl2023
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | Kuwana1925
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Flavobacteriaceae
- Flavobacterium | RosenbSaSa2012
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 22
- Algeria | BicheArMe2022
- Belgium | Balach1953g
- Canada
- Ontario | Jarvis1911
- China | Morris1939a
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Cheo1935
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Cheo1935
- Henan (=Honan) | Tang1984b
- Hubei (=Hupei) | Hua2000
- Hunan | Hua2000
- Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | Hua2000
- Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | Hua2000
- Liaoning | Hua2000
- Ningxia (=Ningsia) | Tang1984b
- Shandong (=Shantung) | Hua2000
- Sichuan (=Szechwan) | Hua2000
- Yunnan | Ferris1950a
- Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Cheo1935
- France | Balach1953g Foldi2001
- Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017 Gogibe1938
- Greece | Balach1953g
- Hawaiian Islands | MillerDa2005
- Iran | Kaussa1970 KozarFoZa1996
- Italy | Balach1953g
- Japan | Cocker1896h MillerDa2005
- Honshu | Kuwana1902
- Kyushu | TakahaTa1956
- Shikoku | TakahaTa1956
- Madeira Islands | Balach1953g FrancoRuMa2011
- Netherlands | Balach1953g | JansenAl2023
- Philippines | Morris1939a
- Portugal | Balach1953g FrancoRuMa2011
- Russia | DanzigPe1998
- South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHaCh2005 SuhJi2009
- Spain | Balach1953g
- Taiwan | Takagi1969a
- Ukraine | Terezn1986
- United Kingdom
- England | Morris1939a
- United States
- Alabama | WaltmaRaWi2016
- California | Craw1896 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- District of Columbia | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Georgia | Morris1939a
- Maryland | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Mississippi | MillerDa2005
- Missouri | Morris1939a
- New York | FeltMo1928
- North Carolina | MillerDa2005 Wray1967
- Texas | McDani1972a MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
- Virginia | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005 Morris1939a
Keys
- DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
- MoghadWa2021: pp.188-189 ( Adult (F) ) [Parlatoria in Iran]
- Tanaka2010: pp.180-183 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Japan]
- SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted adult females)]
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-33 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.217 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Parlatoria]
- Koszta1996: pp.551 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Northeastern North American species of Parlatoria]
- Koszta1996: pp.551 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Parlatoria species of Northeastern North America]
- Danzig1993: pp.83 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Chou1985: pp.221 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Paik1978: pp.370 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Takagi1960: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Japanese species of Parlatoria]
- Balach1958b: pp.322 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1956: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Balach1953g: pp.778 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1952: pp.15 ( ) [Revised key to species of Parlatoria]
- Borchs1950b: pp.171 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- McKenz1945: pp.79 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:59 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Morris1939a: pp.31 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria]
- Kuwana1925: pp.6 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Japanese species of Parlatoria]
- Hollin1923: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Parlatoria in Missouri]
Remarks
- Systematics: Parlatoria theae is close to P. pergandii, but may be separated by the presence of a derm pocket between posterior spiracle and body margin and by the normally more numerous perivulvar pores in both anterior and posterior groups (McKenzie, 1945). According to Balachowsky (1953g), many records of P. pergandii actually refer to P. theae.
- Structure: Body broadly oval. Derm pockets present. Pygidial lobes progressively smaller from the median to the 3rd, but not much; 4th and 5th each in small, sclerotized, angular, serrate process. Gland tubercles: 2-4 prespiraculars, 2-4 anterior spiraculars, 6-14 mesothoracics, 6-13 metathoracics and 7-10 first abdominals (Takagi, 1969a).
- Biology: Very little biological information has been published about this species. It has been reported to have 2 (Hadzibejli 1983) or 2-3 (Borchsenius 1963) generations each year. Some biological data have been published by Chou (1984) and Kobakhidze (1954). (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest. The tea parlatoria scale is considered to be a pest of apple (Kozár 1990a), pear (Clausen 1931), and tea (Ebeling 1959, Kobakhidze 1954). It has been reported as a citrus pest in Mediterranean areas (Balachowsky 1953), but these records may be based on misidentifications. The species was considered to be a serious enough threat to California agriculture that intensive control measures were taken and the species was eradicated from that state. Westcott (1973) considered it a serious pest of camellia in the southeastern U.S. Beardsley and González (1975) included it in their list of 43 armored scales considered as principal pests of the world. (Miller & Davidson, 2005). (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Takagi (1969a).
Illustrations
Citations
- Ali1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 79-80
- AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 996-1003
- Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 778, 813-816
- Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 322, 331, 333
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 260-261
- BeardsGo1975: economic importance, 49
- Bellio1929a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 234-235
- BenassBi1967: distribution, host, 250
- BicheArMe2022: distribution, host, 509
- BoratyWi1964a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 104
- Borchs1936: distribution, host, taxonomy, 121-122
- Borchs1937a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 85, 88, 101
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 171
- Borchs1960b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 216, 218
- Borchs1963a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 105, 130, 142, 163,
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 198-199
- Borchs1973: distribution, host, taxonomy, 105, 142, 173, 212,
- CampbeLaHu2014: phylogeny, 532, 533
- ChenWo1936: distribution, host, 103
- Cheo1935: distribution, host, 102
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 227-228
- Chou1986: illustration, 640
- Clause1931: distribution, host, 11, 27, 38, 41, 77,
- Cocker1896g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 43-44
- Cocker1896h: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- Cocker1896i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 55
- Cocker1897j: distribution, host, taxonomy, 5
- Cocker1897p: description, taxonomy, 591-592
- Cocker1899s: distribution, host, 258
- CoronaRuMo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 40
- Craw1896: distribution, host, 42
- Danzig1972: distribution, taxonomy, 219
- Danzig1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83, 99-100
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 331-332
- DaoBeWa2018: distribution, morphology, phylogeny, 82
- DaoBeWa2023: key, 1029
- DaoBeWa2023: phylogeny, 1030
- DeBachRo1976: economic importance, 175
- DooleySm2013: catalog, 12
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 113
- Felt1901: distribution, host, 360
- FeltMo1928: distribution, host, 202
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, structure, 321
- Ferris1937: taxonomy, SI-88
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-403, SIV-446:59
- Ferris1950a: distribution, host, 76
- Fleury1935a: distribution, host, 28
- Foldi2001: distribution, 306
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
- FowjhaKo1999: distribution, host, 122
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 15,24
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- Gill1997: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 217, 221, 229
- Gogibe1938: distribution, host, taxonomy, 46
- GruwelWoKo2016: phylogeny, 173-176
- Hadzib1983: distribution, host, 198-200, 276
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 109
- Hollin1923: distribution, host, taxonomy, 34, 35, 67
- HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 198-199
- Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 157
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27,34
- Jarvis1911: distribution, host, 73
- Kaussa1955: distribution, host, 18
- Kaussa1970: distribution, host, 8
- Kawai1972: distribution, host, taxonomy, 22
- Kawai1977: distribution, taxonomy, 22, 152
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 191
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 19
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 551, 558-559
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, 68
- KozarKo1981: distribution, 214, 220
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 86
- KozarYaKo1982: distribution, host, 334, 335
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, taxonomy, 78-79
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 199-200
- Kuwana1925: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 6, 12-16
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 54-60
- Leonar1903a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 15, 18-20
- Lindin1911: taxonomy, 129
- Lindin1931a: taxonomy, 180
- Lindin1936: distribution, 150
- Lindin1958: taxonomy, 371
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 249, 250
- McDani1972a: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 332-333
- McKenz1945: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 53, 54, 74-75, 79
- McKenz1952: taxonomy, 15
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 145, 147
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 517
- Miller2005: distribution, 488
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 304
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 334
- MilonaKoKo2008a: distribution, 143-147
- Moghad2004: distribution, host, 5
- Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 48
- MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 189, 199, 249
- Morris1939a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 25-27, 31
- MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
- Muraka1970: distribution, host, 68
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 68
- Nishid2002: catalog, 142
- NiuLiXu2024: DNA sequencing, S1 Table
- NormarJo2010: ecology, host, 3
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 28, 84, S6
- Paik1958: distribution, host, 32
- Paik1978: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 370, 373-374
- Palmer1905: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 139-140
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 62,72
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 503
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 351
- RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
- SassceWe1923: chemical control, 87
- Seghat1977: distribution, host, 19
- Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 321, 329
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 17, 22
- SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
- Takagi1960: distribution, host, taxonomy, 70
- Takagi1969a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 34, 51
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 13
- Tanaka2010: taxonomy, 180-183
- Tang1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 73-74
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 128
- Tang2001: taxonomy, 4
- Tao1999: distribution, host, 107
- Terezn1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 20-21
- Vayssi1921: taxonomy, 357
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Watson2001: list, 177
- Watson2002: taxonomy, 117
- Whitne1912: distribution, host, 737
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 229
- Wray1967: distribution, host, 34
- Wu1935: distribution, host, 246
- Yang1982: taxonomy, 273
