Valid Names Results
Nanokermes pubescens (Bogue, 1898) (Kermesidae: Nanokermes)Nomenclatural History
- Kermes pubescens Bogue 1898: 172. Type data: UNITED STATES: Kansas, Manhattan, on Quercus macrocarpa, by J.B. Norton. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sacramento: California State Collection of Arthropods, California Dept. Food & Agriculture, California, USA; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Notes: There are 7 slides labeled "paralectotype" in the USNM. No evidence of the designation of a lectotype can be found so the type series must be considered syntypic.
- Coccus pubescens (Bogue, 1898); Cockerell 1929b: 150. change of combination
- Talla pubescens (Bogue, 1898); Lindinger 1933a: 143. change of combination
- Kermococcus pubescens (Bogue, 1898); Sugonyaev 1965: 227. change of combination
- Nanokermes pubescens (Bogue, 1898); Bullington & Kosztarab 1985: 97-101. change of combination
Common Names
- burr oak kermes McDani1930
- post oak scale Baerg1955
- pubescent leaf kermes BullinKo1985
- escama pubescente del roble Kondo2022b
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | BullinKo1985
- Quercus alba | BullinKo1985
- Quercus bicolor | DodgeRi1943
- Quercus deamii | BullinKo1985
- Quercus falcata | BaerKo1985
- Quercus lyrata | NewellRo1908
- Quercus macrocarpa | BullinKo1985
- Quercus marilandica | BullinKo1985
- Quercus michauxii | BaerKo1985 | (= Quercus prinus )
- Quercus petraea | King1899b | (= Quercus borealis)
- Quercus stellata | BullinKo1985
Foes:
Families: 3 | Genera: 6
- Aphelinidae
- Pteroptrix | Fulmek1943 | (= Gyrolasia)
- Encyrtidae
- Blastothrix longipennis | Jarvis1911 Ruhl1913
- Cheiloneurus pulcher | Fulmek1943
- Metaphycus latiscapus | Timber1916 | (=Aenasioidea latiscapus)
- Metaphycus pulchellus | Jarvis1911 Ruhl1913 | (= Aphycus pulchellus)
- Microterys cincticornis | King1899b Peck1963
- Pteromalidae
- Pachyneuron aphidis | Peck1963 | (= Pachyneuron siphonophorae)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 2
- Canada
- Ontario | Hunter1902
- United States
- Alabama | BullinKo1985
- Arkansas | BullinKo1985
- Connecticut | King1914
- Delaware | BaerKo1985
- District of Columbia | Kotins1921
- Georgia | BaerKo1985
- Illinois | BullinKo1985
- Indiana | BullinKo1985
- Iowa | BaerKo1985
- Kansas | BullinKo1985
- Kentucky | Garman1905
- Louisiana | NewellRo1908
- Massachusetts | Cocker1898q
- Michigan | McDani1930
- Minnesota | BaerKo1985
- Mississippi | BullinKo1985
- Missouri | BullinKo1985
- New Hampshire | BaerKo1985
- New Jersey | Cocker1900c
- New York | FeltMo1928
- North Carolina | BaerKo1985
- Ohio | WebsteBu1902
- Oklahoma | BullinKo1985
- Pennsylvania | Sleesm1945
- Rhode Island | King1903b
- South Carolina | BaerKo1985
- Tennessee | BaerKo1985
- Texas | BullinKo1985
- Virginia | BullinKo1985
- Wisconsin | SeveriSe1909
Keys
- Koszta1996: pp.283 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Nanokermes]
- BaerKo1985: pp.142 ( First instar ) [First instars of Nearctic Nanokermes]
- BaerKo1985: pp.143 ( Adult (F) ) [Second instar females of Nearctic Kermesidae]
- BullinKo1985: pp.88 ( Adult (F) ) [Adult female Nanokermes]
- BaerKo1981: pp.230 ( First instar ) [First instars of the Kermes pubescens group]
- Britto1923: pp.350 ( Adult (F) ) [Kermes species] Key as: Kermes pubescens
- MacGil1921: pp.195 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Kermes] Key as: Kermes pubescens
- Lawson1917: pp.183 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Kermes species of Kansas]
- Sander1904a: pp.34 ( Adult (F) ) [Ohio Kermes]
- Cocker1900c: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [North American Kermes] Key as: Kermes pubescens
Remarks
- Systematics: Bullington & Kosztarab (1985) state that most of the literature references for Nanokermes pubescens probably refer to N. folium., including McConnell & Davidson, 1959. Nanokermes pubescens can be distinguished from other Nanokermes species by the following combination of character states: (i) approximately 1000 large tubular ducts densely distributed on mid-dorsum; (ii) anterior spiracular pore band present; (iii) dorsum with 2 parallel longitudinal rows of mammiform setae, each row with 10 or 11 setae; and (iv) anal lobes sclerotized, large, wide and distinct, each with a medially projecting seta. (Kondo, 2022b)
- Structure: Adult female subcircular, often slightly longer than wide, about 3.0–6.0 mm wide, becoming highly convex with maturity; colour variable: cream, yellowish brown, light brown or dark brown, with darker brown transverse bands, older specimens becoming completely dark; dorsal cuticle with short waxy strands of secretion giving a pilose appearance; with a short, snow-white wax stripe at each anterior stigmatic area. (Kondo, 2022b) "The post reproductive female is noted for its dorsum, which is covered with short strands of wax that en masse resemble pubescence. This "pubescence" is so remarkably similar in color and texture to the pubescence on the buds of Quercus macrocarpa, and the scale so similar in size to these buds, that the first author has had problems distinguishing scales from buds even when using a dissecting microscope (Bullington & Kosztarab, 1985.)"
- Biology: This species has one generation per year. The insect so closely resembles the buds of Quercus macrocarpa in size, shape and pubescence, that it is difficult to tell them apart in the field (Kosztarab, 1996).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Bullington & Kosztarab (1985). Photograph in Kondo, 2022b.
Illustrations
Citations
- Amos1933: distribution, host, 206
- BaerKo1981: taxonomy, 230
- BaerKo1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 213-220
- Baerg1955: biological control, distribution, host, illustration, 147-151
- Baker1972: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 97
- Balach1950c: distribution, taxonomy, 344
- Barber1911: distribution, 449
- Bogue1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 172
- Britto1920: taxonomy, 63
- Britto1923: distribution, 351
- Britto1926: taxonomy, 175
- BrittoZa1927: taxonomy, 182
- BrittoZa1930: taxonomy, 504
- BullinKo1977: taxonomy, 169
- BullinKo1977a: taxonomy, 61
- BullinKo1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 97-101
- Cocker1898q: taxonomy, 322
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 393
- Cocker1900c: taxonomy, 44
- Cocker1929b: taxonomy, 150
- Dean1909: distribution, host, taxonomy, 266
- DietzMo1916a: taxonomy, 235
- DoaneVaCh1936: distribution, 383
- DodgeRi1943: distribution, host, taxonomy, 509
- Englis1976: distribution, taxonomy, 50
- FeltMo1928: distribution, host, taxonomy, 194
- FeltRa1932: taxonomy, 351
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 64
- Ferris1955a: distribution, host, 202
- FletchGi1908: distribution, host, taxonomy, 130
- FlintFa1940: host, illustration, 41
- Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, distribution, 38
- Garman1905: taxonomy, 51-54
- Gibson1913: host, taxonomy, 18, 19
- Giraul1911: biological control, distribution, host, 168
- GullanKo1997: description, host, 31
- HamonLaKo1976: distribution, taxonomy, 2
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 94
- Headle1929: distribution, 127
- Heller1977: chemical control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 1-2
- Herric1935: taxonomy, 237
- HertinSi1972: biological control, 133
- HilburWe1984: taxonomy, 4
- Houser1918a: distribution, taxonomy, 306
- Howard1919: biological control, distribution, host, 256, 257
- Hoy1963: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 153
- Hunter1902: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 107, 120, 145
- Jarvis1908TD: chemical control, description, distribution, taxonomy, 50, 67
- Jarvis1911: biological control, distribution, host, 68, 75
- JohnsoLy1976: distribution, host, illustration, life history, 316
- JohnsoLy1988: distribution, host, illustration, life history, 365, 366
- King1899b: biological control, distribution, host, 139
- King1900a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 80
- King1903: distribution, host, 21
- King1903b: distribution, host, 192
- King1914: distribution, host, 151
- Kondo2022b: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 355-356
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 21
- Koszta1977a: host, 185
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 283, 285-286
- Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 49, 77, 154
- Koteja1976: structure, taxonomy, 273
- KotejaLi1976: structure, 668
- KotejaZa1972: taxonomy, 194
- Kotins1921: distribution, host, 79
- Kuwana1931: taxonomy, 16
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 183, 184
- Lindin1910: taxonomy, 324
- Lindin1933a: taxonomy, 143
- Lindin1958: taxonomy, 369
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 195
- McDani1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 13-14
- Miller1985b: distribution, host, life history, 101
- MillerDe2018: history, 7
- NewellRo1908: distribution, host, 154
- Osmun1962: distribution, host, life history, 134
- Peck1963: biological control, 935
- Pirone1941: taxonomy, 262
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 359
- Ruhl1913: biological control, 80
- Ruhl1913c: biological control, 106
- Ruhl1914: biological control, 25
- Ruhl1917b: taxonomy, 50
- Ruhl1919: biological control, 44
- SOC1931: chemical control, description, host, 20
- Sander1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 37
- Schmid1939: taxonomy, 140
- Sleesm1945: host, taxonomy, 44, 45
- Smith1910: distribution, host, 122
- Stimme1986b: chemical control, distribution, host, illustration, life history, 17-18
- Sugony1965: biological control, distribution, 227
- Timber1916: biological control, distribution, 585
- Treher1916: biological control, distribution, 186
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 43
- WebsteBu1902: distribution, host, 113
- Westco1973: taxonomy, 411
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 239
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, 39
