Valid Names Results
Melanaspis smilacis (Comstock, 1883) (Diaspididae: Melanaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Aspidiotus smilacis Comstock 1883: 69. Type data: U.S.A.: Massachusetts, Woods Holl, on Smilax sp.; collected by Prof. W. Trelease.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (DeitzDa1986,74). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
- Aonidiella smilacis (Comstock, 1883); Leonardi 1897: 286. change of combination
- Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) smilacis Comstock, 1883; Cockerell 1897i: 22. change of combination
- Pseudischnaspis smilacis (Comstock, 1883); Lindinger 1937: 194. change of combination
- Melanaspis smilacis (Comstock, 1883); McKenzie 1939: 55. change of combination
- Melonaspis smilacis; Borchsenius 1966: 418. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- Smilax scale Comsto1883 Dekle1965c
- smilax scale Comsto1883
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 11 | Genera: 18
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum | Merril1953
- Viburnum obovatum | Ferris1942
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Merril1953
- Asparagaceae
- Dasylirion | DeitzDa1986 Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McDani1970
- Dasylirion longissimum | DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Dasylirion wheeleri | DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Nolina | DeitzDa1986 Ferris1941d Koszta1996 McDani1970
- Yucca | DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Bromeliaceae
- Ananas comosus | Borchs1966 Ferris1941d Mamet1943a Takagi1970 | (= Ananas sativa)
- Calophyllaceae
- Mammea americana | DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Erythroxylaceae
- Erythroxylum areolatum | Ferris1942 GreenLa1923
- Myricaceae
- Morella cerifera | Dekle1965c | (= Myrica cerifera)
- Myrtaceae
- Eugenia buxifolia | Merril1953
- Poaceae
- Andropogon | Balach1951 Balach1958b DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Andropogon gerardii | Parrot1899b | (= Andropogon furcatus)
- Arundinaria | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986 Koszta1996
- Bambusa | Takagi1970
- Panicum virgatum | Ferris1941d
- Schizachyrium scoparium | Parrot1899b | (= Andropogon scoparius)
- Sorghastrum nutans | Ferris1941d | (= Chrysopogon avenaceus)
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Smilacaceae
- Smilax | Balach1958b BesheaTiHo1973 Comsto1883 Dekle1965c McDani1970 Merril1953 TippinBe1970
- Smilax rotundifolia | Koszta1996
Foes:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Encyrtidae
- Coccidencyrtus | Koszta1996
- Signiphoridae
- Signiphora fasciata | Koszta1996
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 22
- Azores | Ferris1941d FrancoRuMa2011
- Brazil | Balach1951
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2008
- Rio de Janeiro | MartinWoCu2022
- Sao Paulo | AlmeidPeMa2018
- Cameroon | Balach1958b
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | Balach1958b
- France | Balach1951
- Galapagos Islands | Balach1951
- Guinea | Balach1958b
- India | Varshn2002
- Jamaica | Ferris1942 GreenLa1923
- Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011
- Martinique | Balach1958b
- Mexico
- Baja California Norte | DeitzDa1986
- Chihuahua | DeitzDa1986
- San Luis Potosi | DeitzDa1986
- Mongolia | DanzigKo1990
- Netherlands | JansenAl2023
- Panama | Balach1951
- Portugal | FrancoRuMa2011
- Seychelles | Borchs1966 Mamet1943a
- Spain | BlayGo1993
- Taiwan | Takagi1970
- United Kingdom
- England | Ferris1941d
- United States
- Alabama | WaltmaRaWi2016
- Arizona | DeitzDa1986
- District of Columbia | DeitzDa1986
- Florida | BesheaTiHo1973 Dekle1965c Ferris1942 Merril1953
- Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973 DeitzDa1986 TippinBe1970
- Kansas | Parrot1899b
- Louisiana | DeitzDa1986
- Maryland | DeitzDa1986
- Massachusetts | Comsto1883
- Mississippi | DeitzDa1986
- New Mexico | DeitzDa1986
- New York | DeitzDa1986
- North Carolina | DeitzDa1986
- South Carolina | DeitzDa1986
- Texas | DeitzDa1986 McDani1970
- Virginia | DeitzDa1986
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
Keys
- WeiScNo2021: pp.17-23 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini from Panama]
- HosseiNoKa2016: pp.258 ( Adult (F) ) [Melanaspis species in the Palearctic Region]
- Koszta1996: pp.533 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Danzig1993: pp.238 ( Adult (F) ) [world]
- DeitzDa1986: pp.12-15 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McDani1970: pp.411-412 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Texas]
- Balach1958b: pp.194 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
- Balach1951: pp.579 ( Adult (F) ) [Mediterranean]
- Ferris1943: pp.65 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1942: pp.37, 38 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Comsto1883: pp.56 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.]
Remarks
- Structure: Female scale circular, with the exuviae central and covered with excretion; colour varies from brown to dark gray, almost black; the position of the exuviae is marked with a white dot and concentric ring of the same colour (Comstock, 1883). Scales are of the character common to the genus; in specimens at hand from Florida the scales are massed on the small twigs, being so crowded and piled upon each other that individual scales can scarcely be distinguished; scale very thick and hard; slightly oval; dark brown or black but overlain by a film of white wax or of the epidermis of the plant so that they appear pale gray; a ventral scale of the type common to the genus is formed. Scale of the male similar to that of the female in texture but elongate and with the exuvia at one end (Ferris, 1941d, 1942).
- Biology: Occurring on the stems (Ferris, 1941d).
- Economic Importance: This species has been recorded from sugarcane in Brazil, but was not considered a pest (Williams & Greathead 1990).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Green & Laing (1923), Ferris (1941d, 1942), Balachowsky (1951, 1958b), Chou (1985, 1986), Deitz & Davidson (1986) and by Kosztarab (1996).
Illustrations
Citations
- AhmedMi2017: distribution, 1
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- Balach1951: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 583-586
- Balach1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 201-204
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 638-640
- BenDovSoBo2012: distribution, 68
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 7
- BlayGo1993: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 615-619
- Borchs1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 122
- Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 222-223
- Borchs1966: catalog, 352-353
- Chou1985: distribution, 323
- Chou1985: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 403-404
- Chou1986: illustration, taxonomy, 697
- ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
- Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 22
- Comsto1883: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 56,69-70
- CulikMaVe2008: distribution, host, 1-6
- Danzig1972: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 217
- Danzig1993: taxonomy, 238
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 49
- DeitzDa1986: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-75
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 91
- Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 112
- DonesEv2011: host, 2
- DooleySm2013: catalog, 12
- Fernal1903b: 294
- Ferris1941d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 366
- Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 41,45-48
- Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 429;446:38
- Ferris1943: taxonomy, 63
- Ferris1943a: taxonomy, 86
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 14,24
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 241
- GreenLa1923: taxonomy, 125-126
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 27,34
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 537-538
- Leonar1897: taxonomy, 286
- Lindin1932: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 26-27
- Lindin1937: taxonomy, 194
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 444-446
- Mamet1943a: 163
- MartinWoCu2022: distribution, host, 6
- McDani1970: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 421-422
- McKenz1939: taxonomy, 53,55
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 62
- MonteiWoPe2019: distribution, host, 393
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 56
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 26, S2
- Sankar1980: biological control, distribution, host, 1-12
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 492
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 93
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- StoetzDa1974: life history, taxonomy, 138-140
- Takagi1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 138
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 98
- TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 10
- Varshn2002: distribution, host, 33
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- WeiScNo2021: key, 23
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 232
- WilliaGr1990: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 563-576
