Valid Names Results

Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead, 1893) (Diaspididae: Hemiberlesia)

Nomenclatural History

Aspidiotus affinis Newstead 1893d: 186. Type data: GUYANA: Demerara, Botanic Garden, on unspecified host plant.. Lectotype, female and first instar, by subsequent designation (MillerDa1998,197). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior homonym Notes: Homonym of Aspidiotus affinis Targioni Tozzetti
Aspidiotus diffinis Newstead 1893f: 281. replacement name Replacement name for Aspidiotus affinis Newstead, 1893d
Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) diffinis Newstead, 1893; Cockerell 1897i: 23. change of combination
Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead, 1893); Leonardi 1897b: 133. change of combination
Aspidiotus jatrophae Townsend & Cockerell 1898: 178. Type data: MEXICO: Frontera, on Jatropha.. Lectotype, female and first instar, by subsequent designation (MillerDa1998,197). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Marlat1900, 425).
Aspidiotus (Diaspidiotus) jatrophae Townsend & Cockerell, 1898; Cockerell 1899a: 396. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; change of combination
Aspidiotus jatrophae parrotti Newell 1899: 23. Type data: MEXICO: Frontera, on "Berenjeno chiquito" [= small eggplant].. Lectotype, female and first instar, by subsequent designation (MillerDa1998,197). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1938a, 190).
Hemiberlesia iatrophae (Townsend & Cockerell, 1898); Leonardi 1900: 339. misspelling of species epithet
Aspidiotus diffinis parrotti Newell, 1899; Fernald 1903b: 258. change of combination and rank
Aspidiotus camelliae; Newstead 1917: 371. misidentification (discovered by Lindin1957, 545). Illustr.
Hemiberlesia diffinis parrotti (Newell, 1899); MacGillivray 1921: 438. change of combination
Aspidiotus parrotti Newell, 1899; Ferris 1938a: 190. change of combination and rank
Aspidiotus guianensis Lindinger 1957: 545. Type data: GUYANA [=BRITISH GUIANA]: Turkeyn, on Erythraspis [=Erythrina] glauca; collected by G.E. Bodkin, 17.ix.1915.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by BenDovWi2003, 166). Illustr.
Aspidiotus iatrophae parrotii Newell, 1899; Lindinger 1957: 545. misspelling of species epithet
Hemiberlesia guianensis (Lindinger, 1957); Borchsenius 1966: 305. change of combination
Abgrallaspis diffinis (Newstead, 1893); Komosinska 1969: 60. change of combination
Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead, 1893); Miller & Davidson 1998: 197. revived combination (previously published)

Common Names

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 26 | Genera: 36

Anacardiaceae

Spondias | MillerDa1998

Annonaceae

Annona | MillerDa1998

Apocynaceae

Plumeria | MillerDa1998

Araceae

Philodendron | MillerDa1998

Arecaceae

Cocos | MillerDa1998

Asparagaceae

Dracaena | MillerDa1998

Asteraceae

Faberia | Ferris1938a

Burseraceae

Bursera | MillerDa1998

Calophyllaceae

Mammea | MillerDa1998

Cannabaceae

Celtis | Ferris1938a McDani1969

Cornaceae

Cornus | Ferris1938a

Ebenaceae

Diospyros kaki | TippinBe1970

Euphorbiaceae

Hevea | MillerDa1998
Jatropha | Ferris1938a Leonar1900 MillerDa1998
Manihot | MillerDa1998

Fabaceae

Cassia | MillerDa1998
Erythrina | MillerDa1998
Erythrina fusca | BenDovWi2003 Newste1917 | (= Erythrina glauca)
Machaerium | MillerDa1998 | (= Drepanocarpus)
Mimosa | Dekle1965c

Juglandaceae

Carya illinoinensis | BesheaTiHo1973

Lauraceae

Persea | Dekle1965c MillerDa1998

Lecythidaceae

Couroupita | MillerDa1998

Lythraceae

Punica | MillerDa1998

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera | Ferris1938a StoetzDa1974a
Magnolia | Ferris1938a

Malvaceae

Hibiscus | MillerDa1998
Ochroma | Balach1959a | ( Balsa)
Theobroma | MillerDa1998
Tilia americana | Ferris1938a

Meliaceae

Cedrela fissilis | Lepage1938
Melia azedarach | Lepage1938

Myrtaceae

Psidium | Ferris1938a MillerDa1998
Psidium guajava | Ferris1921

Orchidaceae

Oncidium | MillerDa1998

Rosaceae

Prunus | MillerDa1998

Ulmaceae

Ulmus | Dekle1965c Ferris1938a McDani1969

Zygophyllaceae

Porlieria angustifolia | McDani1969

Foes:

Families: 3 | Genera: 8

Aphelinidae

Aphytis holoxanthus | LazaroGoRo2023
Aphytis lepidosaphes | LazaroGoRo2023
Aphytis lingnanensis | LazaroGoRo2023
Aphytis melinus | LazaroGoRo2023
Coccobius juliae | LopesOlOl2023
Encarsia tarsalis | LazaroGoRo2023
Encarsia citrina | LazaroGoRo2023
Encarsia juanae | LazaroGoRo2023
Encarsia lounsburyi | LazaroGoRo2023
Encarsia subelongata | LazaroGoRo2023

Encyrtidae

Archinus | LazaroGoRo2023
Metaphycus | LazaroGoRo2023
Plagiomerus diaspidis | LazaroGoRo2023

Signiphoridae

Chartocerus | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora dozieri | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora falcata | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora fax | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora flavella | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora merceti | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora mexicana | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora perpauca | LazaroGoRo2023
Signiphora tumida | LazaroGoRo2023

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 16

Argentina

Corrientes | GranarCl2003
Misiones | GranarCl2003
Salta | GranarCl2003
Santa Fe | GranarCl2003
Tucuman | GranarCl2003

Brazil | MillerDa1998

Rio Grande do Sul | Lepage1938

Colombia | Balach1959a Kondo2001 MillerDa1998

Costa Rica | MillerDa1998

Cuba | Ferris1938a

Dominica | MillerDa1998

Ecuador | MillerDa1998

El Salvador | MillerDa1998

Guatemala | MillerDa1998

Guyana (=British Guiana) | Ferris1938a MillerDa1998 Newste1893d Newste1917

Jamaica | MillerDa1998

Mexico | Leonar1900 MillerDa1998

Baja California Norte | Ferris1921 Ferris1938a
Colima | LazaroGoRo2023
Jalisco | LazaroGoRo2023
Morelos | LazaroGoRo2023
Nayarit | LazaroGoRo2023
Puebla | LazaroGoRo2023
Queretaro | LazaroGoRo2023
Tabasco | Ferris1938a

Nicaragua | MillerDa1998

Panama | MillerDa1998

Peru | MillerDa1998

United States

Alabama | WaltmaRaWi2016

Keys

LazaroGoRo2023: pp.247-248 ( Adult (F) ) [Armored scale species on avocado in central Mexico]
WeiScNo2021: pp.17-23 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini from Panama]
SchneiClWe2020: pp.67-71 ( Adult (F) ) [Aspidiotini in Argentina]
NormarMoKr2014: pp.46-47 ( Adult (F) ) [Modifications to Ferris's 1942 key to the species of North American Hemiberlesia to include both South American and North American species]
EvansWaMi2009: pp.63-67 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae species found on avocado]
Koszta1996: pp.509 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
Komosi1969: pp.76-78 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
McDani1969: pp.107 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Texas]
Balach1956: pp.105-108 ( Adult (F) ) [Africa]
Balach1953k: pp.114-115 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Ferris1942: pp.35 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Lawson1917: pp.217 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Kansas]
Cocker1905: pp.45-46 ( Adult (F) ) [Mexico]
Newell1899: pp.4-5 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]

Remarks

Systematics: Newstead (1917) described and illustrated some specimens under the name Aspidiotus camelliae Signoret from British Guiana (Guyana). Lindinger (1957) referred to Newstead's record as "A. [Aspidiotus] guianensis nom. nov.". This reference to Newstead's illustration and description validates Lindinger's name. Ben-Dov & Williams (2003) studied the types of Aspidiotus guianensis Lindinger, 1957, and concluded that the latter is a synonym of Aspidiotus diffinis Newstead, 1893, currently known as Hemiberlesia diffinis (Newstead).
According to Miller & Davidson (1998), H. diffinis can be confused with H. neodiffinis Miller & Davidson, because both species have the same characteristics of waxy cover, size, and morphology. However, in slide mounts they differ in the following morphological characters: H. diffinis has a macroduct between L1 on the pygidium (absent in H. neodiffinis), and the plates before L3 each contain more than one microduct (each contain only one microduct in H. neodiffinis).
Structure: Scale of the female gray, somewhat elongate, high convex, the exuviae close to the anterior end; scale of the male similar in form and color (Ferris, 1938a). Adult female cover waxy to creamy white, circular or slightly oval, 1.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter, with subcentral exuviae yellow to slightly brown. Body of live adult female membranous, pale yellow, pyriform with slightly acute pygidium, 0.7‒0.9 mm long. (Lazaro et al., 2023)
Biology: Occurring on the bark (Ferris, 1938a). The scale was found primarily associated with branches of avocado trees, but leaves and fruits are also affected. (Lazaro et al., 2023)
Economic Importance: This species is considered to be of economic importance in Florida, USA (Dekle, 1976).
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female (misidentified as Aspidiotus camelliae Sign., according to Lindinger, 1957) by Newstead (1917). Aspidiotus guianensis was described from material off Erythraspis glauca. There is no such plant genus Erythraspis and Newstead must have mistaken the plant for Erythrina glauca (Leguminosae), often used as a shade tree in cacao plantations. Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1921, 1938a), Komosinska (1969), Kosztarab (1996) and by Miller & Davidson (1998). Description and illustration of female, male nymphs, male pupa and prepupa by Stoetzel & Davidson (1974a). Prior to the separation of Hemiberlesia diffinis and H. neodiffinis it was believed that H. diffinis was found in several of the United States. However, Miller & Davidson (1998) determined that H. diffinis was a tropical species that does not occur in the US, but a second species H. neodiffinis is temperate in distribution, occurring in the eastern and midwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Illustrations

MillerDa1998

Citations

Balach1948b: taxonomy, 298
Balach1953k: taxonomy, 115
Balach1956: taxonomy, 107
BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 103
BenDovGe2003: catalog, 523-526
BenDovWi2003: distribution, host, taxonomy, 166-167
BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 6
Borchs1966: catalog, 305
ClapsWoGo2001a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 18-19
Cocker1894g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 130-131
Cocker1896b: distribution, 334
Cocker1897i: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 23
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 396
Cocker1899n: distribution, host, taxonomy, 21
Cocker1905: taxonomy, 46
Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 69
Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 91
EvansWaMi2009: taxonomy, 63-67
Fernal1903b: 257
Ferris1921: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 125-126
Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 238
Ferris1941e: taxonomy, 40,42,44,46
Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:35
FletchGi1908: distribution, host, 113-133
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
Houser1918: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 165-166
Komosi1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 60-62
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 44
Koszta1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 509-511
Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 221-222
LazaroGoRo2023: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, key, natural enemies, 247, 256-257
Leonar1897b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 119,132-134
Leonar1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 339
Lepage1938: catalog, 394
Lindin1928: taxonomy, 106
Lindin1932c: taxonomy, 204
Lindin1957: taxonomy, 545
Lizery1942a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 321-322
Lizery1943a: distribution, host, 319-335
MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 437-438
Marlat1900: taxonomy, 425
McDani1969: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 107-109
MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 302
MillerDa1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 193,197-200
Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 41
Newell1899: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23
Newste1893d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 186-187
Newste1893f: taxonomy, 281
Newste1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 371
NormarMoKr2014: taxonomy, 46
PorcelPeMa2012: structure, 320
SchneiClWe2020: key, 70
SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
StoetzDa1974: life history, taxonomy, 138-140
StoetzDa1974a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 501-505
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 322, 326
TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 9
TownseCo1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 178
WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
WeiScNo2021: key, 19
Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 235
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 222