Valid Names Results

Fiorinia japonica Kuwana, 1902 (Diaspididae: Fiorinia)

Nomenclatural History

Fiorinia fioriniae japonica Kuwana 1902: 79. Type data: JAPAN: Honshu, Tokyo, on grounds of Nishigahara Experiment Station, on Podocarpus chinensis and Pinus sp., by I. Kuwana. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material probably lost.
Fiorinia Juniperi Leonardi 1906c: 39-41. Type data: SRI LANKA: on Juniperus bermudiana. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Ferris1936, 4). Notes: Through the assistance of Antonio Garonna, of Portici, Italy, we have confirmed that Fiorinia juniperi Leonardi is in fact a synonym of F. japonica. Type material mounted and studied by Matile-Ferrero (1990) clearly shows the 4 large marginal macroducts characteristic of F. japonica. Illustr.
Fiorinia Iuniperi Leonardi, 1906; Leonardi 1906c: 18. misspelling of species epithet
Fiorinia japonica Kuwana, 1902; Ferris 1921a: 215. change in status (level)
Fiorinia juniperi Leonardi, 1906; Ferris 1921a: 215. emendation that is justified

Common Names

coniferous fiorinia scale McKenz1956
Japanese scale VelasqRi1969
juniper fiorinia scale McKenz1956

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 13 | Genera: 22

Arecaceae

Dypsis lutescens | Tao1999 | (= Chrysalidocarpus lutescens)
Phoenix | Kuwana1925b

Cephalotaxaceae

Cephalotaxus | Kuwana1925b MillerDa2005
Cephalotaxus harringtonii | Kuwana1925b | (= Cephalotaxus harringtonii) (= Cephalotaxus drupacea f. fastigiata)

Cupressaceae

Cupressus | MillerDa2005
Juniperus | MillerDa2005
Juniperus bermudiana | Leonar1906c
Juniperus chinensis | Ali1969a
Juniperus communis | McKenz1956
Juniperus virginiana | Mamet1954a | (= Juniperus bedfordiana)

Garryaceae

Aucuba japonica | Kuwana1925b

Moraceae

Ficus | Kuwana1925b

Pentaphylacaceae

Eurya japonica | Kuwana1925b

Pinaceae

Abies | MillerDa2005
Abies alba | Muraka1970 | (= Picea excelsa)
Abies firma | Kuwana1925b
Abies veitchii | Kuwana1925b
Cedrus atlantica | Takagi1970
Keteleeria davidiana | Takagi1970
Picea | MillerDa2005
Picea pungens | Muraka1970
Pinus | Kuwana1902 Kuwana1925b MillerDa2005
Pinus densiflora | Kuwana1925b
Pinus koraiensis | Kuwana1925b
Pinus parviflora | Kuwana1925b | var. pentaphylla)
Pinus thunbergii | Ali1969a
Tsuga | MillerDa2005
Tsuga sieboldii | Kuwana1925b

Pittosporaceae

Pittosporum tobira | Kuwana1925b

Podocarpaceae

Nageia nagi | Kuwana1925b | (= Podocarpus nageia)
Podocarpus | Kuwana1925b MillerDa2005
Podocarpus chinensis | Kuwana1925b | (= Podocarpus macrophylla maki)
Podocarpus elatus | Muraka1970
Podocarpus macrophyllus | Kuwana1902

Rosaceae

Pyrus communis | Kuwana1925b

Sciadopityaceae

Sciadopitys | MillerDa2005
Sciadopitys verticillata | Kuwana1925b

Taxaceae

Taxus | MillerDa2005
Taxus mairei | Takagi1970
Torreya | MillerDa2005
Torreya nucifera | Kuwana1925b

Theaceae

Camellia japonica | Kuwana1925b | (= Thea japonica)

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Tubeufiaceae

Podonectria coccorum | XuZeLv2021

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 11

Australia | WilliaWi1988

China

Fujian (=Fukien) | Tao1999
Hebei (=Hopei) | Tao1999
Henan (=Honan) | Tao1999
Jiangsu (=Kiangsu) | Tao1999
Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | Tao1999
Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | Tao1999

France | FoldiGe2018 Matile1990

India

West Bengal | Ali1969a

Japan | Kuwana1925b MillerDa2005

Hokkaido | Muraka1970
Honshu | Kuwana1902

Mauritius | Mamet1954a WilliaWi1988

Philippines | Tao1999

South Korea | Suh2012

Sri Lanka | Leonar1906c

Taiwan | MillerDa2005 Tao1999

United States

California | Essig1910a MillerDa2005
District of Columbia | MillerDa2005
Georgia | TippinBe1970
Maryland | MillerDa2005
New York | Britto1935a
Virginia | Koszta1996 MillerDa2005

Keys

AhmedMoRo2021: pp.156-158 ( Adult (F) First instar Second instar (F) Second instar (M) ) [Fiorinia in the USA]
LiuCaFe2020: pp.397-399 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia in China]
WatsonWiMi2015: pp.298-299 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions]
WeiZhFe2013: pp.94-95 ( ) [Key to the adult females of Fiorinia species known from China]
Suh2012: pp.76 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the Korean Pupillarial Species]
MillerDa2005: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
MillerDa2005: pp.20-22 ( Adult (F) ) [Armored Scales]
Gill1997: pp.144 ( ) [Key to California species of Fiorinia]
Koszta1996: pp.501 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia of Northeastern North America]
Matile1990: pp.206 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to females]
Matile1990: pp.207 ( Adult (M) ) [Clé des larves mâles du stade II]
Chou1982: pp.105 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Fiorinia]
Howell1977: pp.836 ( First instar ) [Key to the first instars of Fiorinia]
Takagi1961: pp.41 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia of Japan]
McKenz1956: pp.32 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Californian species of Fiorinia]
Ferris1942: pp.SIV-446:55 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia of California]
Kuwana1925b: pp.3 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Japanese species of Fiorinia]
MacGil1921: pp.373, 374 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia]
Leonar1906c: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia] Key as: Fiorinia iuniperi

Remarks

Systematics: Many references in literature to Fiorinia juniperi (a junior synonym of F. japonica) actually refer to F. pinicola.
Structure: Female scale elongate, sides nearly parallel, anterior margin round, covered with a white powdery substance; median carina indicated and frequently not visible, brown, exuviae yellow. Male scale white, not carinated, exuviae yellow, about 1 mm long. Adult female elongate thin, yellowish (Kuwana, 1925b).
Biology: As far as we can determine, the biology of this species has never been studied. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list this insect as a pest. The coniferous fiorinia scale is a pest of conifers in the Washington D.C. area; it causes chlorosis of the leaves, leaf drop, and an unsightly appearance. Tang (1984) considered it to be a serious pest of pine trees in Beijing, China. Miller and Davidson (1990) consider this species to be an occasional pest. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
General Remarks: Detailed description by Takagi (1970). Fiorinia japonica was eradicated from California and has been rediscovered three times since its first report in 1910 (Watson 2009). The most recent reinfestation was observed in 2008 and was most likely eradicated in a subsequent year (Watson 2009).

Illustrations

Citations

Ahmed2018b: distribution, host, 1
AhmedMoRo2021: DNA, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, key, taxonomy, 141-158,168-171
Ali1969a: distribution, host, 45
Balach1954e: taxonomy, 303, 312
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 145
Britto1935a: distribution, host, 160
Brown1965: chemistry, taxonomy, 127-131
BrownMc1962: chemistry, physiology, taxonomy, 165
Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 105, 108-109
Chou1986: illustration, 508
Clause1931: distribution, host, 83
Colema1903: distribution, host, 84
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 260-261
DaoBeWa2018: distribution, morphology, phylogeny, 82
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 115
Essig1910a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 209-210
FeltMo1928: distribution, host, 199
Ferris1921a: distribution, host, 215
Ferris1936: taxonomy, 3, 4
Ferris1942: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SIV-394, SIV-446:55
Fleury1935a: distribution, host, 22
Foldi2001: distribution, 306
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
GarretLa1969: taxonomy, 1221
Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 144, 145
Green1922: distribution, host, 464
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 325
Hartma1916: distribution, host, 104
Howell1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 831
HuHeWa1992: distribution, illustration, 194
Hua2000: distribution, host, 151
JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 26
JohnsoLy1976: distribution, host, taxonomy, 86, 348
Kawai1972: distribution, taxonomy, 39
Kawai1977: distribution, host, 153
Kawai1980: distribution, taxonomy, 279, 280-281
KawaiMaUm1971: distribution, host, 23
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 16
Koszta1996: biological control, description, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 501, 502, 504-505
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
Kuwana1902: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 79
Kuwana1907: distribution, host, 200
Kuwana1917a: distribution, host, 17
Kuwana1925b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 3, 5-10
Leonar1906c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 36-37
Lindin1911: taxonomy, 126
LiuCaFe2020: key, 398
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 373, 374
Mamet1954a: distribution, host, 262
MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 40
Matile1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 205-211
McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 32, 111-113
Miller2005: distribution, 487
MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 302
MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 206
Muraka1970: distribution, host, 90
Nakaha1982: distribution, 37
Nishid2002: catalog, 141
PooleGe1997: distribution, 348
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 355
Rao1952: distribution, host, 9
Sassce1912b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 81
Stimme1980: taxonomy, 700
Suh2012: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-76
Suh2020: distribution, host, 21
Takagi1961: distribution, host, taxonomy, 35, 41
Takagi1963d: distribution, taxonomy, 115
Takagi1969a: taxonomy, 24
Takagi1970: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 56-57
Takagi1979: distribution, host, 28
Takaha1929: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 17, 23, 76
Takaha1930: distribution, host, 43
Takaha1936a: distribution, host, 220
Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 152
Tang1984b: distribution, host, 129
Tang2001: taxonomy, 3
Tao1978: distribution, host, 100
Tao1999: distribution, host, 86-87
TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 9
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 65
VelasqRi1969: distribution, host, 196
Wang1982c: distribution, host, 68, 70
WeiZhFe2013: taxonomy, 94-95
Weidha1968: host, taxonomy, 256
Whitne1933: distribution, host, 66
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 225
WilliaWi1988: distribution, host, 66
WongChCh1999: distribution, illustration, 23, 64
Wu1935: distribution, host, 213
Wu1999b: distribution, list of species, 234
Yang1982: distribution, taxonomy, 258, 261