Valid Names Results
Diaspidiotus liquidambaris (Kotinsky, 1903) (Diaspididae: Diaspidiotus)Nomenclatural History
- Cryptophyllaspis liquidambaris Kotinsky 1903: 149. Type data: U.S.A.: Georgia, Atlanta; Washington, D.C., on Liquidambar styraciflua.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; accepted valid name
- Chemnaspidiotus liquidambaris (Kotinsky, 1903); MacGillivray 1921: 439. change of combination
- Diaspidiotus liquidambaris (Kotinsky, 1903); Ferris 1938a: 223. change of combination
- Cryptophyllaspis (Diaspidiotus) liquidambaris Kotinsky, 1903; Merrill 1953: 41. change of combination
- Diaspidiotus liquidambaris (Kotinsky, 1903); McKenzie 1956: 62-63. revived combination (previously published)
Common Names
- sweet gum scale Dekle1965c McKenz1956 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- sweetgum scale MillerDa2005
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 2 | Genera: 2
- Altingiaceae
- Liquidambar styraciflua | Dekle1965c Kotins1903 McDani1969 McKenz1956 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 TippinBe1970
- Sapindaceae
- Acer | McKenz1956
- Acer rubrum | McKenz1956
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 1
- United States
- Alabama | BesheaTiHo1973
- California | McKenz1956
- Connecticut | Nakaha1982
- Delaware | Nakaha1982
- District of Columbia | Kotins1903 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Florida | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Georgia | BesheaTiHo1973 Kotins1903 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923 TippinBe1970
- Illinois | Nakaha1982
- Indiana | Nakaha1982
- Louisiana | Merril1953
- Maryland | StoetzDa1974a
- Mississippi | BesheaTiHo1973 Herric1911 Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Missouri | Nakaha1982
- New Jersey | Nakaha1982
- New York | Nakaha1982
- North Carolina | Nakaha1982
- Ohio | Merril1953 MerrilCh1923
- Oklahoma | Nakaha1982
- Pennsylvania | Nakaha1982
- South Carolina | Nakaha1982
- Tennessee | Nakaha1982
- Texas | McDani1969 Merril1953
- Virginia | BesheaTiHo1973
Keys
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-34 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Gill1997: pp.113 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of California]
- Koszta1996: pp.485 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- McDani1969: pp.90-91 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: Texas]
- McKenz1956: pp.25 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A.: California]
- Ferris1942: pp.33 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Remarks
- Structure: Scale flat, white, exuviae central. Scale of the male exposed upon the leaves, white, elongate oval, exuvia toward one end (Ferris, 1938a). Colour photograph by Gill (1997).
- Biology: Causing the formation of pit galls on the leaves, each gall being occupied by a single female the scale of which fills the opening of the gall (Ferris, 1938a).
- Economic Importance: The sweet gum scale is considered a pest of Liquidambar in Florida (Dekle, 1976), while a minor pest in California (Gill, 1997).
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1938a), McKenzie (1956), Kosztarab (1996) and by Gill (1997). Description and illustration of female and male nymphs and male pupa and prepupa by Stoetzel & Davidson (1974a).
Illustrations
Citations
- BeardsDaHo1976: economic importance, 106
- BenDovGe2003: catalog, 386-387
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 6
- Borchs1966: catalog, 312
- Bray1974: description, distribution, host, life history, 1-33
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 50
- Dekle1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 69
- DooleySm2013: catalog, 11
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 115
- Fernal1903b: 281
- Ferris1937c: illustration, taxonomy, 50,63
- Ferris1938a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 223
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, 446:33
- Gill1997: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 116,121
- Herric1911: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 12,35-36
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 15
- Koszta1990: biological control, structure, 307-311
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 492-493
- Kotins1903: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 149-150
- Larew1990: ecology, life history, structure, 293-300
- Lobdel1937: taxonomy, 78
- MacGil1921: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 439
- McDani1969: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-98
- McKenz1943: life history, taxonomy, 153
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 62-64
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 41-42
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 227-228
- MillerDa1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 301
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 161-164
- MillerDe2018: history, 7
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 209
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 29
- Neiswa1966: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 1-54
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, 19, S5
- SchneiFiNo2019: key, taxonomy, 92
- SchneiOkNo2018: phylogeny,
- StoetzDa1974: life history, taxonomy, 138-140
- StoetzDa1974a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 495-498
- TippinBe1970: distribution, host, 9
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 226
