Valid Names Results
Chionaspis ortholobis Comstock, 1881 (Diaspididae: Chionaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Chionaspis ortholobis Comstock 1881a: 317-318. Type data: UNITED STATES: California, San Bernardino, on Salix sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (LiuKoRh1989,77). Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name Illustr.
Common Names
- California willow scale Borchs1966
- cottonwood scale Essig1926
- cottonwood scurfy scale LiuKoRh1989
- straight lobed chionaspis Hollin1923
- willow scale Carnes1907
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 7 | Genera: 10
- Betulaceae
- Alnus | Borchs1966
- Ericaceae
- Arbutus menziesii | LiuKoRh1989
- Arctostaphylos | LiuKoRh1989
- Arctostaphylos patula | LiuKoRh1989
- Fabaceae
- Cytisus scoparius | LiuKoRh1989
- Malvaceae
- Fremontodendron | Borchs1966
- Platanaceae
- Platanus occidentalis | DietzMo1916a
- Rhamnaceae
- Ceanothus | LiuKoRh1989
- Ceanothus cordulatus | LiuKoRh1989
- Ceanothus integerrimus | TakagiKa1967
- Ceanothus martinii | LiuKoRh1989
- Ceanothus sanguineus | LiuKoRh1989
- Ceanothus velutinus | LiuKoRh1989
- Rhamnus purshiana | Ferris1937
- Salicaceae
- Populus grandidentata | King1900c
- Salix | Comsto1881a NormarOkMo2019
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Chamaemyiidae
- Leucopis albipuncta | Fulmek1943 | (= Leucopis nigricornis)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 2
- Canada
- British Columbia | Venabl1939
- United States
- Arizona | LiuKoRh1989
- California | Comsto1881a
- Colorado | GilletBa1895
- Idaho | LiuKoRh1989
- Idaho | LiuKoRh1989
- Indiana | DietzMo1916a
- Iowa | Newell1899a
- Kansas | Cooley1899
- Massachusetts | King1900c
- Missouri | Hollin1923
- Nebraska | Cocker1894l
- New Mexico | Essig1926
- Oregon | LiuKoRh1989
- Pennsylvania | Trimbl1928
- Utah | LiuKoRh1989
- Washington | LiuKoRh1989
- Wyoming | LiuKoRh1989
Keys
- Gill1997: pp.77 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to California species of Chionaspis]
- BullinKoJi1989: pp.135 ( Adult (M) ) [Key to 17 adult male morphs of 12 species of North American Chionaspis]
- LiuKoRh1989: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the species of Chionaspis in North America]
- McKenz1956: pp.31 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Ferris1942: pp.50 ( ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Britto1923: pp.362 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- MacGil1921: pp.327 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Lawson1917: pp.260 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis in Kansas]
- Comsto1916: pp.559 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- DietzMo1916a: pp.264 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chionaspis species of Indiana]
- Sander1904a: pp.43 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chionaspis species of Ohio]
- Cooley1899: pp.10 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
- Comsto1881a: pp.98 ( ) [Key to species of Chionaspis]
Remarks
- Systematics: GenBank accession numbers DQ145305 and DQ145417 were previously determined to be Chionaspis ortholobis, but Aonidomytilus ceanothi is the best-corroborated molecular ID, (Normark, et al., 2019) Kosztarab (1963) states that Chionaspis ortholobis is identical to Chionaspis parkii, but Takagi (1985) lists C. ortholobis as a valid name and C. parkii as a junior synonym of C. platani.
- Structure: Female scale 2-2.5 mm long, moderately elongated, broadest near the middle of the scale, exuviae dirty white, .8 mm long, brown. Male scale .6-.8 mm long, oval, without carinae, exuvia pale brown or almost colorless (Cooley, 1899). Eggs are dark purple (Comstock, 1881a).
- Biology: Eggs of Chionaspis ortholobis were found under scales in mid September, indicating that the species overwinters as an egg (Cooley, 1899).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration also by Liu et al. (1989). Detailed treatment of male morphs by Bullington et al. (1989).
Illustrations
Citations
- Amos1933: distribution, host, 207
- Balach1954e: taxonomy, 348
- BazaroSh1971: taxonomy, 122
- Britto1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 362, 364
- Brown1965: chemistry, taxonomy, 85-88
- BullinKoJi1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 170-174
- Carnes1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195-196
- Chambe1931: economic importance, taxonomy, 30
- Cocker1894l: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 189
- Cocker1905b: taxonomy, 202
- Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 317
- Comsto1883: distribution, host, taxonomy, 98, 105
- Comsto1916: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 466, 559, 566
- Cooley1899: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 10, 17-18
- Dean1909: distribution, host, 270
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 264, 273-274
- Essig1926: distribution, host, taxonomy, 310
- Essig1931: taxonomy, 578
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 221
- Ferris1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SI-22
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446:50
- Fulmek1943: biological control, catalog, 24
- Gill1982c: distribution, host, illustration, 1
- Gill1997: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 79
- GilletBa1895: distribution, host, 129
- Hartma1916: distribution, host, 102
- Herric1935: distribution, host, 285, 319
- Hollin1923: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 25
- Hunter1900: distribution, host, 101
- Hunter1902: distribution, host, 117, 139
- King1900c: distribution, host, 117
- King1902b: distribution, host, 62
- Koszta1963: distribution, taxonomy, 73-74
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 260, 273-275
- LiuKoRh1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-78
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 327
- MawFoHa2000: distribution, taxonomy, 44
- McKenz1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 31, 98-99, 101
- MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
- Nakaha1975: taxonomy, 202
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 19
- Newell1899a: description, distribution, host, illustration, 154-155
- NiuCaWe2023: genebank, phylogeny, 304, 310
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 15, 39, 74, S6
- Osborn1898: distribution, host, 228
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 347
- RileyHo1894: taxonomy, 328
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Sander1904a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 43, 48
- Schuma1919a: biological control, 305
- Takagi1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
- TakagiKa1967: distribution, host, taxonomy, 30, 38
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 45
- Venabl1939: distribution, host, 24
- WebsteBu1902: distribution, host, 113
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 228
