Valid Names Results
Apiomorpha ovicola (Schrader, 1863) (Eriococcidae: Apiomorpha)Nomenclatural History
- Brachyscelis ovicola Schrader 1863: 2. Type data: AUSTRALIA. Unknown type status, female, accepted valid name Notes: The types of this species were destroyed in 1943 during World War II (Gullan 1984). Illustr.
- Brachyscelis minor Froggatt 1893: 363-364. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Wollongong, on stunted Eucalyptus sp. and E. haemastoma, by Botany and Berowera. Unknown type status, unknown, by subsequent designation junior synonym (discovered by MillsGuCo2017, 484-486). Notes: Types have not been designated since there is some question whether the material in ASCT is authentic (Gullan, 1984). Illustr.
- Apiomorpha sp. 2 Rübsaamen 1894: 221. unavailable name that is placed (discovered by Gullan1984, 64).
- Apiomorpha minor (Froggatt, 1893); Cockerell 1896b: 328. change of combination
- Apiomorpha ovicola (Schrader, 1863); Cockerell 1896b: 328. change of combination
- Apiomorpha dumosa Froggatt 1930: 468. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, near Mildura, by W.S. Campbell. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (Gullan1984,67). Type depository: Canberra: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Australia; junior synonym (discovered by Gullan1984, 64).
Common Names
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Myrtaceae
- Eucalyptus | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus agglomerata | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus andrewsii | Gullan1984 | Recorded as Eucalyptus andrewsiana
- Eucalyptus baxteri | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus behriana | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus bicolor | GiraldWiDo2024 | (=Eucalyptus largiflorens)
- Eucalyptus blaxlandii | LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus camaldulensis | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus camfieldii | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus cannonii | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus capitellata | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus consideniana | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus crebra | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus dives | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus eugenioides | Gullan1984 LeBretVa1993 MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus fasciculosa | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus globoidea | Gullan1984 | Possible id. for species reported as Eucalyptus oblonga
- Eucalyptus goniocalyx | Gullan1984 | Tentative host id, likely host and/or specimen has been misidentified. (Mills, personal comment)
- Eucalyptus haemastoma | Gullan1984 MillsGuCo2017
- Eucalyptus laevopinea | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus leucoxylon | GiraldWiDo2024 | subsp. pruinosa
- Eucalyptus ligustrina | LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus macrorhyncha | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus melanophloia | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus melliodora | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus microcorys | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus microtheca | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus moluccana | LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus obliqua | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus oblonga | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus pauciflora | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus pilularis | Gullan1984 LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus polyanthemos | Gullan1984 | Tentative host id, likely host and/or specimen has been misidentified. (Mills, personal comment)
- Eucalyptus porosa | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus racemosa | Gullan1984
- Eucalyptus radiata | Gullan1984 LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus rossii | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus sclerophylla | LeBretVa1993
- Eucalyptus siderophloia | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus sideroxylon | GiraldWiDo2024
- Eucalyptus sieberi | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus sparsifolia | Gullan1984 | Possible id. for species reported as Eucalyptus oblonga.
- Eucalyptus tindaliae | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus williamsiana | MillsCo2014
- Eucalyptus woollsiana | GiraldWiDo2024 | (=Eucalyptus pilligaensis)
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 1
- Australia
- Australian Capital Territory | Cook2000
- New South Wales | Gullan1984 LeBretVa1993
- Northern Territory | GiraldWiDo2024
- Queensland | Gullan1984
- South Australia | GiraldWiDo2024
- Victoria | Gullan1984
Keys
- Hodgso2020: pp.53 ( Adult (M) ) [Apiomorpha species]
- Gullan1984: pp.10 ( Adult (F) ) [Adult females and female galls of Apiomorpha] Key as: Apiomorpha minor
Remarks
- Systematics: Slide-mounted adult female is characterized by having: abdominal segment IX longer ventrally than dorsally; abdomen attenuate not curvilinearly tapered to base of anal lobes; anal ring not concealed by sclerotized shield; anal lobes not papillose; ventral spine-like setae never in complete row across segment VIII and absent from segment IX; hind legs <1100µ long; multilocular pores predominantly with 7-loculi (Gullan, 1984).
Mills & Cook (2014) found that the A. minor species group (using DNA sequence data to test species boundaries) is monophyletic but that A. minor, as currently circumscribed, is a cryptic species complex. Apiomorpha nookara, which has a distinctive gall and adult female morphology (Mills et al., 2011), is nested inside A. minor s. l. The nesting of a distinct morphological species inside A. minor is a clear indication that A. minor is not a single species under most species concepts. At least seven clades of A. minor s. l. were present in analyses of both COI and 18S.
In 2017, Mills, Gullan and Cook reviewed evidence from publications of Schrader and Froggatt that indicated that Froggatt (1893) described specimens of B. ovicola as his new species B. minor. We also argue that Froggatt’s (1893) concept of B. ovicola differs from Schrader’s (1863a) original concept of B. ovicola, and needs to be recognized as a separate species. Thus, many citations described A. ovicola and A. minor, and the species now named
was described as A. ovicola. The adult males of both A. ovicola and A. munita tereticornuta have well-developed caudal extensions. In addition, the males of this species have: (i) an elongate mesothorax; (ii) long dorsal abdominal setae, and (iii) a rather broad aedeagus. (Hodgson, 2020) - Structure: Female gall ovoid to ellipsoidal, apex truncate. Male gall tubular, apex dilated (Gullan, 1984).
- Biology: Female gall is produced on stems. Male galls occur on stems and leaves especially near midrib on one or both surfaces (Gullan, 1984). Cook & Gullan (2002) provide information on gall and insect development under glasshouse conditions (summarized in table 2, page 262).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration of adult female and description and photograph of male and female galls by Gullan (1984). Symbionts, or lack thereof, discussed by Buchner (1957b). Used in molecular phylogenetic analysis to examine the origins of galling in eriococcids (Cook & Gullan, 2004). Detailed description and illustration of male in Hodgson, 2020,
Illustrations
Citations
- Brimbl1959c: taxonomy, 383-5
- Buchne1957b: taxonomy, 502
- Cocker1896b: taxonomy, 328
- Cook2000: distribution, physiology, 256, 257, 259, 262
- CookGu2002: life history, 261
- CookGu2004: taxonomy, 441,444
- Fernal1903b: taxonomy, 42
- Frogga1893: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 363
- Frogga1898a: description, distribution, taxonomy, 491
- Frogga1921a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 130
- Frogga1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 468
- Frogga1931: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 435, 437, 453
- GiraldWiDo2024: behavior, distribution, host, Dataset S4
- Gullan1983: structure, 26, 28
- Gullan1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 64
- GwiazdVaDe2006: phylogenetics, 16
- Hodgso2020: description, distribution, illustration, key, taxonomy, 52, 55-58
- Houard1923: description, illustration, taxonomy, 612
- Hoy1963: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 38
- Kozar2009: distribution, taxonomy, 95
- LeBretVa1993: distribution, host, 27
- Lidget1899: distribution, host, taxonomy, 60
- MillerGi2000: catalog, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 42-43
- MillsCo2010: host, life history, phylogeny, 82-89
- MillsCo2014: DNA sequencing, chromosomes, cytogenetics, evolution, genetics, karyotype, 126-135
- MillsGuCo2017: host, taxonomy, 484-488
- MillsMaRi2011: molecular data, taxonomy, 56
- MillsSeGa2016: distribution, genetics, host, 260
- Pierce1917: distribution, economic importance, host, 98
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Rubsaa1894: description, distribution, taxonomy, 221
- Tepper1893: distribution, host, 272
- Weidne1974: illustration, taxonomy, 445
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 237
