Valid Names Results
Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904) (Coccidae: Megapulvinaria)Nomenclatural History
- Pulvinaria maxima Green 1904a: 206. Type data: JAVA: Buitenzorg [Bogor], on Erythrina sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,112). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Pulvinaria thespesiae Green 1909a: 259. Type data: SRI LANKA: Jaffna, on Thespesia populnea.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1935, 10).
- Eriochiton formosae Takahashi 1929: 64. Type data: TAIWAN: Taito, on undetermined plant.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1935, 10).
- Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904); Yang 1982: 162. change of combination
- Macropulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904); Tao, Wong & Chang 1983: 87. change of combination
- Pulvinaria maxima maxima Green, 1904; Varshney 1985: 25. change in status (level)
- Pulvinaria maxima thespesiae Green, 1909; Varshney 1985: 25. change in status (level)
Common Names
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 20 | Genera: 30
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera | Hodgso1994a
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Ali1971 Takaha1942b
- Apocynaceae
- Calotropis procera | Varshn1992
- Araceae
- Monstera deliciosa | Varshn1992
- Cyperaceae
- Cyperus rotundus | Varshn1992
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Codiaeum variegatum | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
- Croton tiglium | Ali1971 Green1937
- Homonoia riparia | Ali1971 Morris1920
- Jatropha | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Jatropha curcas | Ali1971 Hodgso1994a Morris1920
- Jatropha integerrima | Varshn1984a Varshn1992 | (= Jatropha pandurifolia)
- Fabaceae
- Dalbergia sissoo | Varshn1992
- Erythrina | Green1904a Hodgso1994a WilliaWa1990
- Erythrina variegata | Ali1971 Green1904a Ramakr1930 | (= Erythrina lithosperma)
- Samanea saman | Ali1971 Morris1920
- Malvaceae
- Gossypium | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Gossypium hirsutum | Varshn1992
- Sida | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Thespesia populnea | Ali1971 Green1909a Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 Sassce1911 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Melastomataceae
- Medinilla | WilliaWa1990
- Meliaceae
- Melia | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Melia azedarach | TalukdDa2021 | (= Azadirachta indica)
- Moraceae
- Morus | Ali1971
- Morus alba | ShafeeYoKh1989 TaoWoCh1983
- Morus australis | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Morus acidosa)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Hodgso1994a
- Phyllanthaceae
- Glochidion | TaoWoCh1983 Ali1971
- Phyllanthus reticulatus | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Phyllanthus takaoensis)
- Piperaceae
- Peperomia | Green1922
- Rhamnaceae
- Ziziphus jujuba | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Morris1920 Ramakr1930
- Ziziphus mauritiana | Varshn1992
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea arabica | DanzigKo1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus paradisi | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Salvadoraceae
- Salvadora oleoides | Varshn1992
- Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix aphylla | Varshn1992 | (= Tamarix articulata)
- Urticaceae
- Boehmeria | Ali1971
- Oreocnide frutescens | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Boehmeria frutescens)
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Noctuidae
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 12
- Bangladesh | Varshn1992
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Truk Islands | BenDov1993
- India | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Hodgso1994a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Andhra Pradesh | Varshn1992
- Bihar | Varshn1992
- Karaikal | Ali1971
- Kerala | Varshn1992
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
- Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
- Uttar Pradesh | Ali1971
- West Bengal | Ali1971
- Indonesia
- Java | Ali1971 Green1904a Hodgso1994a
- Laos |
- Pakistan | Varshn1992
- Papua New Guinea | BenDov1993
- Philippines | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a Hodgso1994a
- Luzon | Ali1971
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Green1909a Green1922 Green1937 Sassce1911
- Taiwan | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 WongChCh1999
- Thailand | Ali1971
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
Keys
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Beards1966: pp.491 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- Green1909a: pp.258 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceylon]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae; Pulvinarini (Choi & Lee, 2019) This species is close to M. burkilli (Green), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following features (character states of M. burkilli in brackets): (1) the much larger body size in comparison to the latter (4 mm long, 2 mm wide); and (2) with well-developed dermal areolations present (absent). (Wang & Feng, 2012b)
- Structure: Adult female body elongate oval, about 4.2–6.2 mm long and 2.7–3.8 mm wide. Anal cleft approximately 1/7 of the body length. Stigmatic clefts deep (Wang & Feng, 2012b) See colour photograph in Wong et al. (1999).
- Biology: Bisexual reproduction with a Lecanoid heterochromatinization in male embryos. Incomplete ovoviviparity: embryogenesis (until the late anatrepsis) partially occurs inside of the mother’s body. (Gavrilov-Zimin, 2020)
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Tao et al. (1983), Tang (1991) and by Hodgson (1994a).
Illustrations
Citations
- Ali1971: distribution, host, 50-51
- Beards1966: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 491-493
- BenDov1993: catalog, 176-177
- ChoiLe2019: illustration, phylogeny, taxonomy, wax, 4, 7, 9
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 40-41
- CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, 427
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
- Gavril2020: cytogenetics, distribution, illustration, reproduction, 349, 350
- Green1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 206
- Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 259
- Green1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 465
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 308
- Hodgso1994: taxonomy, 171-172
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 346-349
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- Morris1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 183
- NakaoTaTa1977: distribution, host, 61-68
- PuttarCh1953a: chemical control, 87-95
- Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 624
- Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 28
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 347
- Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36-38
- Sander1906: catalog, 6
- Sassce1911: 66
- Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 53
- SharmaMa1991: distribution, economic importance, host, 61-68
- Sohi1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 111
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 344-345
- Takaha1929: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61,64-67
- Takaha1934: distribution, host, 34,35
- Takaha1935: distribution, host, 10
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 30
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 276-277
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 81-82
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 60
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87-89
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
- Varshn1984a: distribution, host, 141
- Varshn1985a: catalog, distribution, host, 25
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 102
- Varshn1994: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 344-345
- VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 174
- WangFe2012b: description, distribution, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 61-64
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 210, 211, 215
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 112
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14,52
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 155,159,160,162
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 159
