Valid Names Results

Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869) (Asterolecaniidae: Bambusaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Asterolecanium miliaris Boisduval 1869: 261. Type data: ALGERIA: Alger, at the garden of Hamma, on Bambusa distorta. Syntypes, female, by original designation Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869); Cockerell 1902g: 114. change of combination
Asterolecanium miliaris robustum Green 1908a: 19. Type data: INDIA: Bengal, Pusa, on stems of bamboo.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by StumpfLa2001, 205). Illustr.
Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris Green 1922a: 1036. Type data: SRI LANKA: Peradeniya, on foliage of Bambusa sp. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by StumpfLa2001, 205). Illustr.
Asterolecanium charmoyi Green 1924b: 45. Type data: MAURITIUS: on foliage of Bambusa sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Russel1941, 160-162). Illustr.
Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris bambusifoliae Takahashi 1930: 11. Type data: TAIWAN: Nisui, on Bambusa sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan; junior synonym (discovered by Russel1941, 160).
Asterolecanium miliaris miliaris Boisduval, 1869; Russell 1941: 129. change in status (level)
Asterolecanium robustum Green, 1908; Ferris 1955a: 16. change of combination and rank
Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869); Wang & Zhang 1987: 40. change of combination
Bambusaspis pseudomiliaris (Green, 1922); Williams & Watson 1990: 203. change of combination
Bambusaspis robusta (Green, 1908); Williams & Watson 1990: 203. change of combination
Bambusapis miliaris; Favret, et al. 2014: 73. misspelling of genus name

Common Names

Miliaris pit scale StumpfLa2006
Escama miliaris del bambú LambdiKo2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 1 | Genera: 8

Poaceae

Arundinaria | Ferris1955a Russel1941
Bambusa | Ali1967a Ballou1926 EtiennMa1993 Ferris1955a Green1922a Green1937 Lepage1938 Ramakr1921a Riddic1955 Russel1941 Takaha1930 Takaha1933 TangHa1995 Varshn1992 WilliaWa1990 Yang1982 Zimmer1948
Bambusa balcooa | Russel1941
Bambusa bambos | Ballou1926 Russel1941 | (= Bambusa arundinacea, Bambusa spinosa)
Bambusa dissimulator | StumpfLa2006
Bambusa multiplex | Russel1941 | (= Arundinaria glaucescens, Bambusa argentea, Bambusa nana)
Bambusa oliveriana | Russel1941
Bambusa tulda | Russel1941
Bambusa tuldoides | Russel1941 | (= Bambusa pallescens)
Bambusa vulgaris | Russel1941
Dendrocalamus | Russel1941
Dendrocalamus giganteus | StumpfLa2006
Dendrocalamus strictus | Russel1941
Guadua tagoara | Russel1941 | (= Bambusa distorta)
Lingnania remotiflora | StumpfLa2006 | (= Lingnania fimbriligulata )
Oxytenanthera abyssinica | Russel1941
Phyllostachys | Russel1941 TangHa1995
Schizostachyum | Lit1997b WilliaWa1990
Schizostachyum glaucifolium | WilliaWa1990

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 56

Algeria | Russel1941

American Samoa | LambdiKo2022

Angola | Russel1941

Antigua and Barbuda

Antigua | Russel1941

Australia | Russel1941

Bermuda | Russel1941

Brazil

Bahia | Russel1941
Minas Gerais | Russel1941
Rio de Janeiro | Russel1941
Sao Paulo | Lepage1938

Burma (=Myanmar) | Russel1941 Varshn1992

Canary Islands | PellizPo2017

China | Yang1982

Fujian (=Fukien) | Russel1941 TangHa1995 Yang1982
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Russel1941 TangHa1995
Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Russel1941 TangHa1995 WangZh1987 Yang1982

Colombia | Kondo2001

Cuba | Ballou1926 Russel1941

Dominica | LambdiKo2022

Dominican Republic | LambdiKo2022

El Salvador | Russel1941

Federated States of Micronesia | LambdiKo2022

Fiji | Russel1941 WilliaWa1990

France | GermaiMaPi2002 UlgentPoPe2014

Grenada | Russel1941

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006

Guam | StumpfLa2006

Guatemala | LambdiKo2022

Guyana (=British Guiana) | Russel1941

Haiti | LambdiKo2022

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii | Ehrhor1916 Russel1941 Zimmer1948

India | Ramakr1921a Russel1941

Assam | Russel1941 Varshn1992
Bihar | Ali1967a Varshn1992
Karnataka | Varshn1992
West Bengal | Varshn1992

Jamaica | Russel1941

Japan | Russel1941

Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | LambdiKo2022

Kenya | DeLott1967a

Martinique | MatileEt2006

Mauritius | Green1924b Mamet1943a Russel1941

Montserrat | Russel1941

Niue | WilliaWa1990

Northern Mariana Islands | LambdiKo2022

Pakistan | Varshn1992

Palau | LambdiKo2022

Panama Canal Zone | Russel1941

Philippines | Russel1941

Luzon | Lit1997b Russel1941

Puerto Rico & Vieques Island

Puerto Rico | Martor1976 Russel1941

Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957

Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | Russel1941

Nevis | LambdiKo2022

Saint Lucia | Malump2012b

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | LambdiKo2022

Senegal | EtiennMa1993

South Africa | GiliomKo2008

Sri Lanka | Green1922a Green1937 Ramakr1921a Russel1941 Varshn1992

Suriname | StumpfLa2006

Taiwan | Russel1941 Takaha1930 Takaha1933 WongChCh1999

Tanzania | Russel1941

Tonga | Russel1941 WilliaWa1990

Trinidad and Tobago

Tobago | Russel1941
Trinidad | Russel1941

U.S. Virgin Islands | LambdiKo2022

United States

California | LambdiKo2022
Florida | Ferris1955a Russel1941 StumpfLa2001
Illinois | Ferris1955a Russel1941

Venezuela | Russel1941

Zambia | LambdiKo2022

Keys

GiliomKo2008: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [South African species of Bambusaspis]
StumpfLa2006: pp.22-32 ( Adult (F) ) [Asterolecaniidae species of North and South America]
Russel1941: pp.12-26 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Asterolecanium]
Russel1941: pp.26-35 ( Immature (F) ) [Species of Asterolecanium]

Remarks

Systematics: Russell (1941) synonymized Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris bambusifoliae Takahashi, 1930, with Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval), while Wong et al. (1999) regarded the former as a separate species, Bambusaspis pseudomiliaris. Bambusaspis miliaris resembles B. caudata, but can be differentiated because it has a ventral marginal row of quinquelocular pores in the spiracular area and a continuous marginal row of dorsal 8-shaped pores, whereas B. caudata has quinquelocular pores only in the spiracular furrows and there are large gaps in the marginal row of dorsal 8-shaped pores. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
Structure: Colour photograph by Wong et al. (1999) and by Germain et al., (2003). Adult female usually narrowly elongate oval to pearshaped, tapering towards apex, 0.6–1.2 mm long. Test of adult female flat or slightly convex, translucent with a faint median carina and transverse striations, brownish to greenish yellow; marginal areas with white or pinkish wax filaments. Immatures similar to adults but smaller. Slide-mounted adult female body often narrow elongate oval, tapering towards apex and with small anal indentation, 0.6–1.2 mm long, 0.2–0.6 mm wide. Dorsum with 8-shaped pores of 2 or 3 sizes: (i) large marginal 8-shaped pores forming single continuous row of 158–237 pores around body margin, terminating 2–4 pore-lengths prior to apex of abdomen; (ii) very large 8-shaped pores, when present, numbering 2–31 pores in submarginal zone; and (iii) small 8-shaped pores scattered over dorsum. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
Biology: Bambusaspis miliaris reproduces sexually and has 2 generations annually in China, depending on temperature and location. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
Economic Importance: This species have been recorded from many species of bamboo in the West Indies, Central and South America, Africa, Asia. The infestations on leaves and trunk makes the plants unsightly, and may reduce the quality of poles in furniture production.
General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Russell (1941), Williams & Watson (1990) and by Stumpf & Lambdin (2001, 2006). Test of female, adult female and larva described and illustrated by Russell (1941).

Illustrations

Citations

Ali1967a: distribution, host, 30
Ali1970a: catalog, 140-141
Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 11
Boisdu1869: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 261, 262
Cocker1893h: taxonomy, 77
Cocker1896: distribution, host, 9
DeLott1967a: distribution, 110
Ehrhor1916: distribution, taxonomy, 235
EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, taxonomy, 254
FangWuXu2001: distribution, host, 105,106
FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 73
Fernal1903b: 51
Ferris1955a: distribution, host, illustration, 16,20,25-27
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
Frogga1915: distribution, host, taxonomy, 758
GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 256
GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 22
GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
Giliom2001: distribution, 86
GiliomKo2008: distribution, host, taxonomy, 282, 285
GrandpCh1899: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 19,339
Green1922a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1036-1037
Green1924b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 45-46
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 285
HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
Hempel1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 409
Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 40
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
KozarDr1998: catalog, 23, 25
KozarWa1985: catalog, taxonomy, 80
LambdiKo2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 364-365
Lepage1938: catalog, 337
Lit1997b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
Malump2012b: distribution, economic importance, host, 210,211
Malump2014a: distribution, host, 71
Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 149-150
Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19-20
Martor1976: distribution, host, 21
Maskel1894: taxonomy, 94
MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 163
MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 208
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, phylogeny, taxonomy, 10,36
PellizPo2017: biology, distribution, 106
Petch1921a: biological control, 89-167
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 341
Riddic1955: distribution, host, 7
Russel1941: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 129-130,160-162
SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 451
Signor1870a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 281-282
StumpfLa2001: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 205-211
StumpfLa2006: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 107-112
Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
Takaha1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
Takaha1933: distribution, host, 35
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 16
Takaha1952: distribution, host, 10
TangHa1995: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 377,387-388,390-391
Tao1978: distribution, host, 58,78
Tao1989: catalog, 58
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41, 42, 43
UlgentPoPe2014: distribution, host, 79
Varshn1985a: catalog, 23
Varshn1992: distribution, host, 70-72
VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
WangVaXu1998: distribution, host, 3
WangZh1987: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 40
Watson2021: distribution, 516
Willia2015: taxonomy, 580
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 204
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 202-204
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 9,46
Yang1982: distribution, host, 122,127,128
Zimmer1948: distribution, host, 279