Valid Names Results

Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904) (Coccidae: Megapulvinaria)

Nomenclatural History

Pulvinaria maxima Green 1904a: 206. Type data: JAVA: Buitenzorg [Bogor], on Erythrina sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,112). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
Pulvinaria thespesiae Green 1909a: 259. Type data: SRI LANKA: Jaffna, on Thespesia populnea.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1935, 10).
Eriochiton formosae Takahashi 1929: 64. Type data: TAIWAN: Taito, on undetermined plant.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan; junior synonym (discovered by Takaha1935, 10).
Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904); Yang 1982: 162. change of combination
Macropulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904); Tao, Wong & Chang 1983: 87. change of combination
Pulvinaria maxima maxima Green, 1904; Varshney 1985: 25. change in status (level)
Pulvinaria maxima thespesiae Green, 1909; Varshney 1985: 25. change in status (level)
Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904); Wang & Feng 2012b. revived combination (previously published)

Common Names

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 20 | Genera: 30

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera | Hodgso1994a

Annonaceae

Annona | Ali1971 Takaha1942b

Apocynaceae

Calotropis procera | Varshn1992

Araceae

Monstera deliciosa | Varshn1992

Cyperaceae

Cyperus rotundus | Varshn1992

Euphorbiaceae

Acalypha | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Codiaeum variegatum | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a
Croton tiglium | Ali1971 Green1937
Homonoia riparia | Ali1971 Morris1920
Jatropha | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Jatropha curcas | Ali1971 Hodgso1994a Morris1920
Jatropha integerrima | Varshn1984a Varshn1992 | (= Jatropha pandurifolia)

Fabaceae

Dalbergia sissoo | Varshn1992
Erythrina | Green1904a Hodgso1994a WilliaWa1990
Erythrina variegata | Ali1971 Green1904a Ramakr1930 | (= Erythrina lithosperma)
Samanea saman | Ali1971 Morris1920

Malvaceae

Gossypium | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989
Gossypium hirsutum | Varshn1992
Sida | Ali1971 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Thespesia populnea | Ali1971 Green1909a Green1937 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 Sassce1911 ShafeeYoKh1989

Melastomataceae

Medinilla | WilliaWa1990

Meliaceae

Melia | Ali1971 Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
Melia azedarach | TalukdDa2021 | (= Azadirachta indica)

Moraceae

Morus | Ali1971
Morus alba | ShafeeYoKh1989 TaoWoCh1983
Morus australis | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Morus acidosa)

Nyctaginaceae

Bougainvillea | Hodgso1994a

Phyllanthaceae

Glochidion | TaoWoCh1983 Ali1971
Phyllanthus reticulatus | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Phyllanthus takaoensis)

Piperaceae

Peperomia | Green1922

Rhamnaceae

Ziziphus jujuba | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Morris1920 Ramakr1930
Ziziphus mauritiana | Varshn1992

Rubiaceae

Coffea arabica | DanzigKo1990

Rutaceae

Citrus paradisi | ShafeeYoKh1989

Salvadoraceae

Salvadora oleoides | Varshn1992

Tamaricaceae

Tamarix aphylla | Varshn1992 | (= Tamarix articulata)

Urticaceae

Boehmeria | Ali1971
Oreocnide frutescens | Ali1971 Takaha1935 | (= Boehmeria frutescens)

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Noctuidae

Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 12

Bangladesh | Varshn1992

Federated States of Micronesia

Truk Islands | BenDov1993

India | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Hodgso1994a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989

Andhra Pradesh | Varshn1992
Bihar | Varshn1992
Karaikal | Ali1971
Kerala | Varshn1992
Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
Tamil Nadu | Ali1971
Uttar Pradesh | Ali1971
West Bengal | Ali1971

Indonesia

Java | Ali1971 Green1904a Hodgso1994a

Laos |

Pakistan | Varshn1992

Papua New Guinea | BenDov1993

Philippines | Ali1971 CockerRo1915a Hodgso1994a

Luzon | Ali1971

Sri Lanka | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 Green1909a Green1922 Green1937 Sassce1911

Taiwan | Ali1971 DanzigKo1990 WongChCh1999

Thailand | Ali1971

Vietnam | DanzigKo1990

Keys

ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
TaoWoCh1983: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
Beards1966: pp.491 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
Green1909a: pp.258 ( Adult (F) ) [Ceylon]

Remarks

Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae; Pulvinarini (Choi & Lee, 2019) This species is close to M. burkilli (Green), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following features (character states of M. burkilli in brackets): (1) the much larger body size in comparison to the latter (4 mm long, 2 mm wide); and (2) with well-developed dermal areolations present (absent). (Wang & Feng, 2012b)
Structure: Adult female body elongate oval, about 4.2–6.2 mm long and 2.7–3.8 mm wide. Anal cleft approximately 1/7 of the body length. Stigmatic clefts deep (Wang & Feng, 2012b) See colour photograph in Wong et al. (1999).
Biology: Bisexual reproduction with a Lecanoid heterochromatinization in male embryos. Incomplete ovoviviparity: embryogenesis (until the late anatrepsis) partially occurs inside of the mother’s body. (Gavrilov-Zimin, 2020)
General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Tao et al. (1983), Tang (1991) and by Hodgson (1994a).

Illustrations

Citations

Ali1971: distribution, host, 50-51
Beards1966: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 491-493
BenDov1993: catalog, 176-177
ChoiLe2019: illustration, phylogeny, taxonomy, wax, 4, 7, 9
ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 40-41
CockerRo1915a: distribution, host, 427
DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
Gavril2020: cytogenetics, distribution, illustration, reproduction, 349, 350
Green1904a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 206
Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 259
Green1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 465
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 308
Hodgso1994: taxonomy, 171-172
Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 346-349
Kondo2013: distribution, host, 46
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
Morris1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 183
NakaoTaTa1977: distribution, host, 61-68
PuttarCh1953a: chemical control, 87-95
Ramakr1919: distribution, host, 624
Ramakr1919a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 28
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 347
Ramakr1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36-38
Sander1906: catalog, 6
Sassce1911: catalog, 66
Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 53
SharmaMa1991: distribution, economic importance, host, 61-68
ShivakPoJo2024: host, illustration, molecular data, morphology, phylogenetics,
Sohi1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 111
Takaha1928: distribution, host, 344-345
Takaha1929: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 61,64-67
Takaha1934: distribution, host, 34,35
Takaha1935: distribution, host, 10
Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 30
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 276-277
Tao1978: distribution, host, 81-82
Tao1989: catalog, distribution, 59
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 60
TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87-89
UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 50
Varshn1984a: distribution, host, 141
Varshn1985a: catalog, distribution, host, 25
Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 102
Varshn1994: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 344-345
VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, 174
WangFe2012b: description, distribution, illustration, structure, taxonomy, 61-64
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 210, 211, 215
WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 112
WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 14,52
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 155,159,160,162
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 159