Valid Names Results
Gymnaspis aechmeae Newstead, 1898 (Diaspididae: Gymnaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Gymnaspis aechmeae Newstead 1898: 92-93. Type data: UNITED KINGDOM: England, London, Kew Gardens, on Aechmea aquilegia, 24/04/1897. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Notes: Paratype in ZMUH. Illustr.
- Aonidia picea Leonardi 1906: 6. Type data: SPAIN: Valencia, on Billartia officinalis. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1909, 149). Illustr.
Common Names
- fly speck scale Dekle1965c
- Ananasu-kuro-hoshi-kaigaramushi KondoWa2022b
- escama negra diminuta de las bromelias KondoWa2022b
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 6 | Genera: 18
- Araceae
- Monstera | MillerDa2005
- Asparagaceae
- Asparagus aethiopicus | Merril1953 | (= Asparagus sprengeri)
- Chlorophytum | Borchs1966
- Brassicaceae
- Alliaria petiolata | Martin1983
- Bromeliaceae
- Acanthostachys | Borchs1966
- Acanthostachys strobilacea | Balach1953g
- Aechmea | Borchs1966 Heu2002 MillerDa2005
- Aechmea angustifolia | ColonFMe1998
- Aechmea aquilega | Newste1898
- Aechmea chantinii | ColonFMe1998
- Aechmea nidularioides | KozarHi1996
- Aechmea pubescens | ColonFMe1998
- Aechmea wittmackiana | Archan1929 | (= Quesnelia wittmackiana)
- Ananas | FeltMo1928 MillerDa2005
- Ananas comosus | Heu2002 Zahrad1953 | (= Ananas sativus)
- Billbergia | Ferris1937 Heu2002 MillerDa2005
- Billbergia brasiliensis | Archan1929 | (= Billbergia leopoldii)
- Billbergia chlorostica | Miller1983JW | (= Billbergia saundersii)
- Billbergia nutans | Green1934d
- Bromelia | FeltMo1928 MillerDa2005 | (= Karatas)
- Bromelia pinguin | MestreHoHa2015
- Bromelia serra | Merril1953
- Hohenbergia | FeltMo1928 Heu2002
- Hohenbergia stellata | Archan1929 | (= Hohenbergia erythrostachya)
- Neoregelia | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005 | (= Aregelia)
- Neoregelia princeps | Archan1929 | (= Nidularium princeps)
- Nidularium | Borchs1966 MillerDa2005 Heu2002 MillerDa2005
- Nidularium amazonicum | Archan1929 | (= Karatas amazonica)
- Pitcairnia | Borchs1966
- Quesnelia | MillerDa2005
- Tillandsia | Archan1929 Borchs1966 MillerDa2005 | (= Caraguata)
- Vriesea | MillerDa2005
- Vriesea lancifolia | Archan1929
- Menyanthaceae
- Villarsia | Martin1983
- Orchidaceae
- Cymbidium | Borchs1966
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Flavobacteriaceae
- Flavobacterium | RosenbSaSa2012
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 29
- Albania | KondoWa2022b
- Argentina | Autran1907
- Australia
- Australian Capital Territory | KondoWa2022b
- New South Wales | KondoWa2022b
- Queensland | KondoWa2022b
- Belgium | Nakaha1982
- Brazil
- Mato Grosso | SilvadGoGa1968
- Rio de Janeiro | Hempel1900a
- Sao Paulo | SilvadGoGa1968
- Bulgaria | Tsalev1968
- Colombia | KondoWa2022b
- Costa Rica | Nakaha1982
- Cuba | MestreHoHa2015
- Czech Republic | Zahrad1953
- France | Balach1930a Foldi2001
- Georgia (Republic of)
- Abkhaz ASSR | Borchs1934
- Germany | Schmut1952
- Hawaiian Islands
- Oahu | Heu2002
- Ireland | Green1934d OConnoGeMa2013
- Italy | Balach1953g PellizDa1997
- Jamaica | Nakaha1982
- Netherlands | JansenAl2023
- Poland | Nakaha1982
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | MedinaGa1977
- Romania | Nakaha1982 Teodor2018
- Russia | Archan1929
- Spain | Leonar1906
- Sweden | Ossian1959
- Switzerland | KozarHi1996
- Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | BazaroSh1971
- USSR | MillerDa2005
- United Kingdom
- England | Newste1898
- United States
- Alabama | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- District of Columbia | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Florida | Ferris1937
- Louisiana | Miller2005
- Maryland | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- Missouri | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- New Jersey | MillerDa2005 Nakaha1982
- New York | FeltMo1928 MillerDa2005
- Pennsylvania | MillerDa2005 Trimbl1928
- West Virginia | MillerDa2005
Keys
- MillerDa2005: pp.29-34 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
- Danzig1971d: pp.840 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of the family Diaspididae]
- MacGil1921: pp.257 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Gymnaspis]
- Leonar1903a: pp.48 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Gymnaspis]
- CockerPa1899: pp.280 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Gymnaspis]
Remarks
- Structure: Female scale composed entirely of the naked moulted skin of second stage female, which completely envelopes the adult insect; highly convex, more or less circular, anal extremity usually pointed, margins produced and convex, entire or constricted at the spiracles. Adult female circular, flat beneath, convex above, margins flat and thin, forming a flange except at the anal extremity, full purple (Newstead, 1898).
- Biology: Gymnaspis aechmeae has 2 generations a year in the warm moist parts of the greenhouse (Saakian-Baranova, 1954). First instars are laid by the adult female rather than eggs (Zahrdnik, 1968). This species has 2 generations a year in the warm moist parts of the greenhouse (Saakyan-Baranova 1954). Adult males are present (Schmutterer 1959), and first instars, rather that eggs, are laid by the adult female (Zahradnik 1968). According to Danzig (1964) the scale cover of the "young female" (probably second instar) is brown with a black crawler shed skin. The adult female loses the scale and remains inside of the second-instar shed skin. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- Economic Importance: Miller & Davidson (1990) list Gymnaspis aechmeae as a pest. It is considered an important pest of bromeliads in Florida (Dekle, 1977) and in greenhouses in Europe (Schmutterer et al., 1957) and the Former Soviet Union (Borchsenius, 1966). This species is considered to be an important pest of bromeliads in Florida (Dekle 1977) and in greenhouses in Europe (Schmutterer et al. 1957) and the Former Soviet Union (Borchsenius 1963). Miller and Davidson (1990) consider this species to be an occasional pest. (Miller & Davidson, 2005).
- General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Balachowsky (1953g).
Illustrations
Citations
- AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 996-1003
- Archan1929: distribution, host, 195-196
- Archan1937: distribution, host, 64
- Autran1907: distribution, host, 153
- Balach1930a: distribution, 179
- Balach1953g: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 837-841
- BazaroSh1971: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 163-165
- BenDov1989: host, 2
- BesheaTiHo1973: distribution, host, 11
- Borchs1934: distribution, host, 21
- Borchs1937: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103
- Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 175
- Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 208
- Borchs1973: distribution, host, taxonomy, 273
- Brown1965: chemistry, 277-279
- BrownMc1962: chemistry, taxonomy, 165
- Butche1959: distribution, host, 363
- Cocker1902p: distribution, 256
- CockerPa1899: taxonomy, 280
- ColonFMe1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 96-97
- CostaL1928: distribution, host, 126
- CostaL1936: distribution, host, 195
- Danzig1964: taxonomy, 647
- Danzig1971d: taxonomy, 840
- DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 270-271
- Dekle1965c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 66
- FeltMo1928: distribution, host, 201
- Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 303
- Ferris1936a: illustration, taxonomy, 21, 58
- Ferris1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, SI-63
- Ferris1942: taxonomy, SIV-446: 55
- FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, 298
- Foldi2001: distribution, economic importance, 306, 308
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
- Gavalo1932: distribution, taxonomy, 140
- Germai2008: distribution, 77-87
- GomezM1937: distribution, host, 99, 109
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 630
- Green1934d: distribution, host, 111, 114
- GruwelWoKo2016: phylogenetics, 173, 175, 176
- Hall1946a: taxonomy, 520
- HallWi1962: taxonomy, 30
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, 508-509
- Hempel1937: taxonomy, 35
- Heu2002: distribution, host, 28
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 26,33
- Kawai1980: distribution, taxonomy, 197
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 16
- KondoWa2022k: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 480
- KozarHi1996: distribution, host, 95
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
- Kozarz1974: distribution, host, 20
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 69
- Leonar1899: taxonomy, 209
- Leonar1903a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 6, 48, 53-55
- Leonar1906: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 6-7
- Lepage1938: catalog, distribution, host, 407
- Lindin1908b: taxonomy, 103
- Lindin1909: taxonomy, 149
- Lindin1910a: taxonomy, 440
- Lindin1914: taxonomy, 160
- Lindin1928: taxonomy, 85
- Lizery1938: distribution, host, 344, 358
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 127
- LongoMaPe1999a: distribution, 149
- MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 257, 463
- Martin1983: distribution, host, 58
- MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
- MedinaGa1977: distribution, host, 411-412
- Merril1953: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49-50
- MerrilCh1923: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 235-236
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 11
- Miller1983JW: distribution, host, 5
- Miller2005: distribution, 487
- MillerDa1990: economic importance, taxonomy, 302
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 222
- MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 222
- MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
- Muntin1968a: taxonomy, 427
- Nakaha1982: distribution, host, 40
- Newste1898: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 92-93
- Newste1901b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 131-133
- Nishid2002: catalog, 141
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, phylogeny, taxonomy, 22, 38, S6
- OConnoGeMa2013: distribution, host, 40
- Ossian1959: distribution, host, 200
- PellizDa1997: distribution, host, taxonomy, 172, 174
- PellizGe2010a: distribution, host, 501
- PooleGe1997: distribution, 349
- RosenbSaSa2012: ecology, molecular data, physiology, 2357-2368
- RossHaOk2012: phylogeny, taxonomy, 199
- Saakya1954: distribution, host, 26
- Schmut1952: distribution, host, 584
- Schmut1959: distribution, host, 2, 3, 11, 31, 140, 1
- SilvadGoGa1968: catalog, distribution, host, 182
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, 42
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 70
- Trimbl1928: distribution, host, 47
- Tsalev1968: distribution, host, 214
- Vengel1965: distribution, host, 128
- WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
- WeidneWa1968: distribution, host, 176
- Whitne1933: distribution, host, 67
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 217
- Yang1982: illustration, taxonomy, 284, 286
- Zahrad1953: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 140
- Zahrad1968: distribution, host, taxonomy,
