Valid Names Results

Fiorinia proboscidaria Green, 1900 (Diaspididae: Fiorinia)

Nomenclatural History

Fiorinia proboscidaria Green 1900a: 256. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on Gelonium lanceolatum, ?/08/18??. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name Illustr.

Common Names

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 13 | Genera: 13

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica | Heu2002 WilliaWa1988

Apiaceae

Daucus carota | WilliaWa1988

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex cornuta | AhmedSt2020

Araceae

Epipremnum pinnatum | Hinckl1963 WilliaWa1988 | (= Rhaphidophora vitiensis)

Arecaceae

Areca | Heu2002
Areca catechu | WilliaWa1988

Euphorbiaceae

Suregada lanceolata | Green1900a | (= Gelonium lanceolatum)

Lauraceae

Cinnamomum camphora | AhmedSt2020

Myrtaceae

Syzygium | DanzigPe1998
Syzygium jambos | Takaha1940 | (= Eugenia jambos)

Piperaceae

Piper | Borchs1966

Podocarpaceae

Podocarpus macrophyllus | Tang1986

Rosaceae

Rosa | Heu2002 Hinckl1963

Rutaceae

Citrus | Fletch1919
Citrus aurantiifolia | AhmedMoRo2021
Citrus aurantium | WilliaWa1988
Citrus japonica | WilliaWa1988 | (= Fortunella japonica)
Citrus limon | Hinckl1963
Citrus maxima | WilliaWa1988
Citrus paradisi | AhmedMoRo2021
Citrus reticulata | Heu2002 Takaha1940 Takaha1955f WilliaWa1988 | (= Citrus aurantium tachibana) (= Citrus depressa) (= Citrus poonensis)
Citrus sinensis | GithaeOnNd2021
xCitrofortunella microcarpa | AhmedSt2020

Taxaceae

Taxus | Tao1999

Foes:

Families: 1 | Genera: 1

Aphelinidae

Encarsia citrina | Stocks2015

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 21

Bangladesh | Malump2013

China

Fujian (=Fukien) | Tao1999
Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Tang1986
Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Tang1986
Henan (=Honan) | Hua2000
Jiangxi (=Kiangsi) | Tao1999
Sichuan (=Szechwan) | Tang1986
Yunnan | Tang1986
Zhejiang (=Chekiang) | Tang1986

Christmas Island | NeumanODGu2016

Fiji | Dumble1954

France | FoldiGe2018

French Polynesia

Society Islands | WilliaWa1988
Tahiti | WilliaWa1988

Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006 Meurge2011

Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016

Hawaiian Islands

Oahu | Beards2002

India | PruthiMa1945

Meghalaya | Varshn2002

Indonesia

Java | Clause1933
Sumatra | Clause1933

Iran | Moghad2013a

Jamaica | Fletch1919

Japan | Tao1999

Kenya | Malump2013

Saint Lucia | Malump2014a

Sri Lanka | Green1900a

Taiwan | Takaha1940

Tanzania | Malump2013

Tonga | WilliaWa1988

United States

Florida | AhmedSt2020 Stocks2015

Keys

DaoBeWa2023: pp.1024, 1027-1028 ( Adult (F) ) [Diaspididae on citrus in Indochina and southern China.]
MoghadWa2021: pp.124 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia in Iran]
AhmedMoRo2021: pp.156-158 ( Adult (F) First instar Second instar (F) Second instar (M) ) [Fiorinia in the USA]
LiuCaFe2020: pp.397-399 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia in China]
WatsonWiMi2015: pp.298-299 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions]
WeiZhFe2013: pp.94-95 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to the adult females of Fiorinia species known from China]
Malump2013: pp.274 ( Adult (F) ) [Fiorinia found in Britain]
WilliaWa1988: pp.115 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia]
Chou1982: pp.105 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of Fiorinia]
MacGil1921: pp.374 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia]
Leonar1906c: pp.18 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Fiorinia]

Remarks

Systematics: Genbank CO1-5P: MW883930, EF1a: MW893447, 28S: MW883866 plus 5 additional sequenses in Ahmed, et al., 2021.
Fiorinia proboscidaria is close to F. theae, but is distinguishable by the head narrowing towards the interantennal process and having a pair of lateral prominences; by anterior spiracles lacking disc pores except for the occasional presence of a single disc pore; by the marginal gland spines less prominent; and by the marginal ducts of the pygidium fewer (Takagi, 1970). Fiorinia proboscidaria resembles F. biakana Williams and Watson but differs by (characters in parentheses are those of F. biakana): space between median lobes less than width of median lobe (greater than width of lobe); macroducts ca. same width as gland spine ducts (wider than gland spine ducts); gland spines slightly protruding from derm surface (protruding at least half length of gland spine duct); gland tubercles continuous along body margin (grouped in clusters). Ahmed, et al., 2021)
Structure: Female puparium elongate lanceolate, with a distinct median carina, golden brown, shining. First exuviae pale yellow, projecting from the anterior extremity. Remainder of puparium consisting of the enlarged 2nd exuviae. Adult female elongate, tapering at both ends (Green, 1900a).
Biology: All stages of the scale were commingled on the abaxial (lower) surface of the leaves, suggesting that multiple generations were present at the same time in Florida.
Economic Importance: Fiorinia proboscidaria has the potential to cause damage to Citrus in Florida. It could develop high populations causing economic damage without natural enemies present in the environment. (Ahmed& Stocks, 2020)
General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Takagi (1970). Redescription and illustration in Ahmed, et al., 2021)

Illustrations

Citations

Ahmed2018b: distribution, host, 1
AhmedMoRo2021: DNA, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, key, taxonomy, 141-158,180-186
AhmedSt2020: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration,
Ali1969a: distribution, host, 47
Beards2002: distribution, host, taxonomy, 149
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 146
Chou1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 105, 107-108
Chou1986: illustration, 509
Clause1933: distribution, host, 16
DanzigPe1998: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 262
DaoBeWa2023: key, 1029
Dumble1954: distribution, host, 42, 88
Ebelin1959: distribution, host, 270, 279
Fletch1919: distribution, host, 299
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 10
GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
Green1900a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 256-257
Green1922: distribution, host, 464
Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 325
Heu2002: distribution, host, 26
Hinckl1963: distribution, host, 17, 42
HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 24
Hua2000: distribution, host, taxonomy, 152
Kalsho1981: distribution, host, 174
Kawai1980: distribution, taxonomy, 286
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 16
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 84
Laing1929a: taxonomy, 485
Leonar1906c: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 18, 26-28
Lever1945: distribution, host, 43
LiuCaFe2020: key, 397-398
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 374
Malump2013: distribution, host, key, 273
Malump2014a: distribution, host, illustration, 75
Meurge2011: distribution, 81
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 33
MoghadWa2021: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 124, 127-128, 245
Muraka1970: distribution, host, 91
NagarkPa1981: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 127-128
NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
Newste1917a: distribution, host, 133
PruthiMa1945: distribution, host, 8
Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 354
Stocks2015: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, 1-3
Takagi1969a: taxonomy, 24
Takagi1970: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 65-67
Takagi1975: taxonomy, 30
Takagi1979: distribution, host, 28
Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103
Takaha1933: distribution, host, 28, 50
Takaha1934: distribution, host, 21
Takaha1940: distribution, host, taxonomy, 27
Takaha1955f: distribution, host, 241
Tang1986: distribution, host, 284
Tang2001: taxonomy, 3
Tao1978: distribution, host, 101
Tao1999: distribution, host, 87
Varshn2002: distribution, host, 66
Watson2021: distribution, 523
WeiZhFe2013: taxonomy, 94
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 230
WilliaWa1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 115, 120, 121
Yang1982: distribution, taxonomy, 260
ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 164