Valid Names Results
Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869) (Asterolecaniidae: Bambusaspis)Nomenclatural History
- Asterolecanium miliaris Boisduval 1869: 261. Type data: ALGERIA: Alger, at the garden of Hamma, on Bambusa distorta. Syntypes, female, by original designation Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869); Cockerell 1902g: 114. change of combination
- Asterolecanium miliaris robustum Green 1908a: 19. Type data: INDIA: Bengal, Pusa, on stems of bamboo.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by StumpfLa2001, 205). Illustr.
- Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris Green 1922a: 1036. Type data: SRI LANKA: Peradeniya, on foliage of Bambusa sp. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by StumpfLa2001, 205). Illustr.
- Asterolecanium charmoyi Green 1924b: 45. Type data: MAURITIUS: on foliage of Bambusa sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (WilliaWa1990,203). Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Russel1941, 160-162). Illustr.
- Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris bambusifoliae Takahashi 1930: 11. Type data: TAIWAN: Nisui, on Bambusa sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Taichung: Entomology Collection, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung, Taiwan; junior synonym (discovered by Russel1941, 160).
- Asterolecanium miliaris miliaris Boisduval, 1869; Russell 1941: 129. change in status (level)
- Asterolecanium robustum Green, 1908; Ferris 1955a: 16. change of combination and rank
- Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval, 1869); Wang & Zhang 1987: 40. change of combination
- Bambusaspis pseudomiliaris (Green, 1922); Williams & Watson 1990: 203. change of combination
- Bambusaspis robusta (Green, 1908); Williams & Watson 1990: 203. change of combination
- Bambusapis miliaris; Favret, et al. 2014: 73. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- Miliaris pit scale StumpfLa2006
- Escama miliaris del bambú LambdiKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 1 | Genera: 8
- Poaceae
- Arundinaria | Ferris1955a Russel1941
- Bambusa | Ali1967a Ballou1926 EtiennMa1993 Ferris1955a Green1922a Green1937 Lepage1938 Ramakr1921a Riddic1955 Russel1941 Takaha1930 Takaha1933 TangHa1995 Varshn1992 WilliaWa1990 Yang1982 Zimmer1948
- Bambusa balcooa | Russel1941
- Bambusa bambos | Ballou1926 Russel1941 | (= Bambusa arundinacea, Bambusa spinosa)
- Bambusa dissimulator | StumpfLa2006
- Bambusa multiplex | Russel1941 | (= Arundinaria glaucescens, Bambusa argentea, Bambusa nana)
- Bambusa oliveriana | Russel1941
- Bambusa tulda | Russel1941
- Bambusa tuldoides | Russel1941 | (= Bambusa pallescens)
- Bambusa vulgaris | Russel1941
- Dendrocalamus | Russel1941
- Dendrocalamus giganteus | StumpfLa2006
- Dendrocalamus strictus | Russel1941
- Guadua tagoara | Russel1941 | (= Bambusa distorta)
- Lingnania remotiflora | StumpfLa2006 | (= Lingnania fimbriligulata )
- Oxytenanthera abyssinica | Russel1941
- Phyllostachys | Russel1941 TangHa1995
- Schizostachyum | Lit1997b WilliaWa1990
- Schizostachyum glaucifolium | WilliaWa1990
Foes:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Cybocephalidae
- Cybocephalus nipponicus | LeeLeSe2024
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 56
- Algeria | Russel1941
- American Samoa | LambdiKo2022
- Angola | Russel1941
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | Russel1941
- Australia | Russel1941
- Bermuda | Russel1941
- Brazil
- Bahia | Russel1941
- Minas Gerais | Russel1941
- Rio de Janeiro | Russel1941
- Sao Paulo | Lepage1938
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Russel1941 Varshn1992
- Canary Islands | PellizPo2017
- China | Yang1982
- Fujian (=Fukien) | Russel1941 TangHa1995 Yang1982
- Guangdong (=Kwangtung) | Russel1941 TangHa1995
- Guangxi (=Kwangsi) | Russel1941 TangHa1995 WangZh1987 Yang1982
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Cuba | Ballou1926 Russel1941
- Dominica | LambdiKo2022
- Dominican Republic | LambdiKo2022
- El Salvador | Russel1941
- Federated States of Micronesia | LambdiKo2022
- Fiji | Russel1941 WilliaWa1990
- France | GermaiMaPi2002 UlgentPoPe2014
- Grenada | Russel1941
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guam | StumpfLa2006
- Guatemala | LambdiKo2022
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Russel1941
- Haiti | LambdiKo2022
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Ehrhor1916 Russel1941 Zimmer1948
- India | Ramakr1921a Russel1941
- Assam | Russel1941 Varshn1992
- Bihar | Ali1967a Varshn1992
- Karnataka | Varshn1992
- West Bengal | Varshn1992
- Jamaica | Russel1941
- Japan | Russel1941
- Kampuchea (=Cambodia) | LambdiKo2022
- Kenya | DeLott1967a
- Martinique | MatileEt2006
- Mauritius | Green1924b Mamet1943a Russel1941
- Montserrat | Russel1941
- Niue | WilliaWa1990
- Northern Mariana Islands | LambdiKo2022
- Pakistan | Varshn1992
- Palau | LambdiKo2022
- Panama Canal Zone | Russel1941
- Philippines | Russel1941
- Luzon | Lit1997b Russel1941
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 Russel1941
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1957
- Saint Kitts and Nevis Islands | Russel1941
- Nevis | LambdiKo2022
- Saint Lucia | Malump2012b
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | LambdiKo2022
- Senegal | EtiennMa1993
- South Africa | GiliomKo2008
- Sri Lanka | Green1922a Green1937 Ramakr1921a Russel1941 Varshn1992
- Suriname | StumpfLa2006
- Taiwan | Russel1941 Takaha1930 Takaha1933 WongChCh1999
- Tanzania | Russel1941
- Tonga | Russel1941 WilliaWa1990
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tobago | Russel1941
- Trinidad | Russel1941
- U.S. Virgin Islands | LambdiKo2022
- United States
- California | LambdiKo2022
- Florida | Ferris1955a Russel1941 StumpfLa2001
- Illinois | Ferris1955a Russel1941
- Venezuela | Russel1941
- Zambia | LambdiKo2022
Keys
- GiliomKo2008: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [South African species of Bambusaspis]
- StumpfLa2006: pp.22-32 ( Adult (F) ) [Asterolecaniidae species of North and South America]
- Russel1941: pp.12-26 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Asterolecanium]
- Russel1941: pp.26-35 ( Immature (F) ) [Species of Asterolecanium]
Remarks
- Systematics: Russell (1941) synonymized Asterolecanium pseudomiliaris bambusifoliae Takahashi, 1930, with Bambusaspis miliaris (Boisduval), while Wong et al. (1999) regarded the former as a separate species, Bambusaspis pseudomiliaris. Bambusaspis miliaris resembles B. caudata, but can be differentiated because it has a ventral marginal row of quinquelocular pores in the spiracular area and a continuous marginal row of dorsal 8-shaped pores, whereas B. caudata has quinquelocular pores only in the spiracular furrows and there are large gaps in the marginal row of dorsal 8-shaped pores. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
- Structure: Colour photograph by Wong et al. (1999) and by Germain et al., (2003). Adult female usually narrowly elongate oval to pearshaped, tapering towards apex, 0.6–1.2 mm long. Test of adult female flat or slightly convex, translucent with a faint median carina and transverse striations, brownish to greenish yellow; marginal areas with white or pinkish wax filaments. Immatures similar to adults but smaller. Slide-mounted adult female body often narrow elongate oval, tapering towards apex and with small anal indentation, 0.6–1.2 mm long, 0.2–0.6 mm wide. Dorsum with 8-shaped pores of 2 or 3 sizes: (i) large marginal 8-shaped pores forming single continuous row of 158–237 pores around body margin, terminating 2–4 pore-lengths prior to apex of abdomen; (ii) very large 8-shaped pores, when present, numbering 2–31 pores in submarginal zone; and (iii) small 8-shaped pores scattered over dorsum. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
- Biology: Bambusaspis miliaris reproduces sexually and has 2 generations annually in China, depending on temperature and location. (Lambdin & Kondo, 2022)
- Economic Importance: This species have been recorded from many species of bamboo in the West Indies, Central and South America, Africa, Asia. The infestations on leaves and trunk makes the plants unsightly, and may reduce the quality of poles in furniture production.
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Russell (1941), Williams & Watson (1990) and by Stumpf & Lambdin (2001, 2006). Test of female, adult female and larva described and illustrated by Russell (1941).
Illustrations
Citations
- Ali1967a: distribution, host, 30
- Ali1970a: catalog, 140-141
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 11
- Boisdu1869: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 261, 262
- Cocker1893h: taxonomy, 77
- Cocker1896: distribution, host, 9
- DeLott1967a: distribution, 110
- Ehrhor1916: distribution, taxonomy, 235
- EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, taxonomy, 254
- FangWuXu2001: distribution, host, 105,106
- FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 73
- Fernal1903b: 51
- Ferris1955a: distribution, host, illustration, 16,20,25-27
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- Frogga1915: distribution, host, taxonomy, 758
- GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 256
- GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 22
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- Giliom2001: distribution, 86
- GiliomKo2008: distribution, host, taxonomy, 282, 285
- GrandpCh1899: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- Green1909a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 19,339
- Green1922a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1036-1037
- Green1924b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 45-46
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 285
- HakkonPi1984: biological control, 1109-1121
- Hempel1900: distribution, host, taxonomy, 409
- JoshiReMu2024: distribution, economic importance, host, 440
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 40
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 9
- KozarDr1998: catalog, 23, 25
- KozarWa1985: catalog, taxonomy, 80
- LambdiKo2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 364-365
- LeeLeSe2024: natural enemies, 7
- Lepage1938: catalog, 337
- Lit1997b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 90
- Malump2012b: distribution, economic importance, host, 210,211
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 71
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 149-150
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19-20
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 21
- Maskel1894: taxonomy, 94
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 163
- MullenScNo2016: DNA sequencing, genetics, phylogeny, 208
- NormarOkMo2019: distribution, phylogeny, taxonomy, 10,36
- PellizPo2017: biology, distribution, 106
- Petch1921a: biological control, 89-167
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 341
- Riddic1955: distribution, host, 7
- Russel1941: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 129-130,160-162
- SchmutKlLu1957: distribution, economic importance, host, 451
- Signor1870a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 281-282
- StumpfLa2001: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 205-211
- StumpfLa2006: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 107-112
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- Takaha1930: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 11
- Takaha1933: distribution, host, 35
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 16
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 10
- TangHa1995: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 377,387-388,390-391
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 58,78
- Tao1989: catalog, 58
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41, 42, 43
- UlgentPoPe2014: distribution, host, 79
- Varshn1985a: catalog, 23
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, 70-72
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- WangVaXu1998: distribution, host, 3
- WangZh1987: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 40
- Watson2021: distribution, 516
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 580
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 204
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 202-204
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 9,46
- Yang1982: distribution, host, 122,127,128
- Zimmer1948: distribution, host, 279
