Family Phenacoleachiidae
Phenacoleachia CockerellNOMENCLATURE:
Phenacoleachia Cockerell, 1899m: 274. Type species: Leachia zealandica Maskell, by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Detailed description and illustration by Morrison & Morrison (1922).
STRUCTURE: Phenacoleachia adult female elongate oval, tapering at ends, covered with secretion and with lateral abdominal tassels; antennae 11-segmented, with numerous setae; derm pores of 3 types, triangular, with 3 large and 3 small loculi, multilocular disk, and larger heavy clear disk; with small cylindrical projections with apical nipple, in clusters, especially submarginally (Morrison & Morrison, 1922). The larger clear disks are considered cicatrices by Gullan and Cook (2002).
CITATIONS: Afifi1968 [taxonomy: 75]; Beards1964b [distribution, taxonomy: 238, 239]; Borchs1937a [taxonomy: 20]; BruesMeCa1954 [taxonomy: 165]; Cocker1899m [description, taxonomy: 274]; Cocker1900a [distribution: 367]; Cocker1902q [description, distribution: 260]; Cox1984 [distribution, taxonomy: 339]; Ferris1921b [taxonomy: 59-60]; Ferris1957b [taxonomy: 67]; GullanCo2002 [taxonomy: 93, 94, 95]; Koteja1974 [taxonomy: 281]; Koteja1996a [taxonomy: 85]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 193]; MacGil1921 [distribution, host, taxonomy: 116, 117]; MorrisMo1922 [description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy: 14-17]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy: 153]; Theron1962 [description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy: 145-152].
Phenacoleachia australis BeardsleyNOMENCLATURE:
Phenacoleachia australis Beardsley, 1964b: 239-245. Type data: NEW ZEALAND: Auckland Island, Bivouac Hill, 300m, on Pleurophyllum sp., 16/01/1963, by Gressitt. Holotype female, by original designation. Type depository: Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Department of Entomology Collection, Hawaii, USA. Described: both sexes. Illust.
HOST: Asteraceae: Pleurophyllum sp. [Beards1964b]
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: New Zealand [Beards1964b] (From Auckland and Campbell Islands).
GENERAL REMARKS: Original and detailed description of adult male and female by Beardsley (1964b).
STRUCTURE: Adult female is fusiform, broadest across anterior abdominal segments, conspicuously narrower posteriorly. Adult male completely apterous, without vestiges of wings (Beardsley, 1964b).
SYSTEMATICS: Phenacoleachia australis differs from P. zealandica in the adult female in the position by having 9-segmented antenna and a less well-developed denticle on the inner face of the tarsal claws. Although the presence or absence of ostioles has been used to distinguish these species, Gullan (personal communication June 26, 2003) has seen both pairs of ostioles on both species. In the adult male, P. australis differs from P. zealandica in being completely apterous without development of the usually thoracic sclerites; in having the head broadly joined to the thorax, not distinctly separated; in having shorter antennae, and having a relatively small ocular sclerite bearing only 5 simple eyes, rather than 8 (Beardsley, 1964b).
CITATIONS: Afifi1968 [taxonomy: 75]; Beards1964b [description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy: 239-245]; BrownCl1968 [distribution, host, taxonomy: 213]; Cox1984 [distribution, taxonomy: 339]; Deitz1979b [taxonomy: 24]; Koteja1974 [taxonomy: 282]; Koteja1984d [taxonomy: 463]; Koteja1985b [taxonomy: 477].
Phenacoleachia zealandica (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Leachia zealandica Maskell, 1891: 26-28. Type data: NEW ZEALAND: Reefton. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand. Described: female, male and first instar. Illust. Notes: Deitz & Tocker (1980) state that eight original slides are in NZAC and that the USNM has two dried specimens.
Palaeococcus zealandica; Cockerell, 1896b. Change of combination.
Phenacoleachia zealandica; Cockerell, 1899m: 274. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Cupressaceae: Cupressus sp.? [Theron1962]. Fagaceae: Nothofagus sp. [Theron1962]. Podocarpaceae: Podocarpus sp.? [Theron1962]
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: New Zealand (South Island [Theron1962]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Original description and illustration by Maskell (1891). Brown & Cleveland (1968) discuss the chromosome number of the species.
STRUCTURE: Adult female is red or reddish brown and excretes a white meal and cotton and some long curling coarse yellow threads. First instars are yellowish red covered with white meal and are active. Adult male is red or reddish yellow, large and covered with much white meal (Maskell, 1891).
CITATIONS: Afifi1968 [taxonomy: 74-75]; Balach1948b [host, distribution, taxonomy: 13]; Beards1964b [distribution, taxonomy: 244]; Beards1968 [taxonomy: 1458]; BrownCl1968 [chemistry, illustration, taxonomy: 211, 213, 227]; Cocker1896b [distribution: 322]; Cocker1899m [taxonomy: 274]; Cocker1900a [distribution, taxonomy: 367]; Cocker1902q [distribution, taxonomy: 260]; Colema1903 [distribution, host: 84]; Cox1984 [distribution, taxonomy: 339]; DeitzTo1980 [distribution, taxonomy: 52]; Dziedz1977 [distribution: 57]; Ferris1921b [taxonomy: 60]; Giliom1967 [taxonomy: 7]; GullanCo2002 [description, illustration, taxonomy: 163-173]; Hughes1948 [chemistry: 197]; Kaweck1965a [structure, illustration: 208-209]; Koteja1974 [taxonomy: 281]; Koteja1974a [taxonomy: 246]; Koteja1974b [taxonomy: 71]; Koteja1976 [illustration, structure, taxonomy: 267, 269]; Koteja1980 [illustration, structure: 74, 75, 77, 83, 84]; Koteja1985b [taxonomy: 477]; Koteja1996a [illustration, structure, taxonomy: 70, 76]; KotejaLi1976 [illustration, structure: 658, 679]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 193]; MacGil1921 [distribution, host, taxonomy: 117]; Maskel1891 [description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy: 26-28]; Morris1928 [taxonomy: 8]; MorrisMo1922 [description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy: 14-17]; Myers1922 [distribution, taxonomy: 197]; Nur1980 [chemistry, taxonomy: 111]; Pierce1917 [economic importance: 39]; Theron1962 [description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy: 145-153]; Willia1985e [distribution, host: 250]; Wise1977 [distribution, taxonomy: 100].