Family Lecanodiaspididae
Anomalococcus GreenNOMENCLATURE:
Anomalococcus Green, 1902b: 260. Type species: Anomalococcus crematogastri Green, by monotypy and original designation.
Anemolus; Mahdihassan, 1934: 261. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Only one species indicus was mentioned in association with this name by Mahdihassan (1934). Therefore, Morrison & Morrison (1966, p. 9) concluded that Anemolus was a lapsus for Anomalococcus Green.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 22, 24 (adult) [World]; Borchsenius 1959a: 841, 845-846 (female) [Genera of Lecanodiaspididae].
CITATIONS: AfifiKo1969 [taxonomy: 3]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 317]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy: 841-846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 223]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 57]; Green1902b [taxonomy, description: 260]; Green1908a [taxonomy, description: 15]; Green1909a [p. 302]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy: 1, 3, 75, 110, 127]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 1-5, 22-24]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 179]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 187]; Mahdih1934 [taxonomy: 261]; MorrisMo1966 [catalogue, taxonomy: 10]; Ramakr1921a [catalogue: 342]; Ramakr1930 [taxonomy: 52]; Russel1941 [taxonomy: 3]; Takaha1929 [taxonomy: 28, 46]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 37]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy: 4].
Anomalococcus crematogastri GreenNOMENCLATURE:
Anomalococcus crematogastri Green, 1902b: 261. Type data: SRI LANKA: Paradeniya, on Ficus religiosa. Syntypes. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK.
Anomalococcus cremastogastri; Tao, 1999: 37. Misspelling of species name.
HOSTS: Moraceae: Ficus [LambdiKo1973], Ficus carica [LambdiKo1973], Ficus glomerata [LambdiKo1973], Ficus religiosa [Green1902b, LambdiKo1973]. Rutaceae: Feronia limonia [LambdiKo1973]. Ulmaceae: Trema orientale [LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1902b, LambdiKo1973].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: The adult female is enclosed in a thin, complete test of wax-like secretion. Viewed dorsally, the test is ovate with the posterior end wider. A strong median carina is present with several faint transverse ridges. In lateral view, the dorsum is highly convex, while the ventral surface is slightly concave (Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973). The insects are thickly clustered on small twigs where they are enclosed in shelters constructed by the ant, Crematogaster dohrni.
SYSTEMATICS:
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 24 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 317-318]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 57]; Green1902b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 261]; Green1909a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 303]; Green1937 [catalogue: 287]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 179]; Lindin1943a [taxonomy: 145]; Lindin1957 [taxonomy: 544]; Lindin1958 [taxonomy: 365]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 189]; Morris1921 [taxonomy: 644]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 342]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution : 37].
Anomalococcus indicus Ramakrishna AyyarNOMENCLATURE:
Anomalococcus indicus Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1919: 627. Type data: INDIA: Coimbatore, on Acacia leucophloea. Syntypes. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA.
Anomalococcus hirsutus Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1924: 344. Nomen nudum; discovered by Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 36.
Anomalococcus hirsutus Ramakrishna Ayyar, 1926: 452. Nomen nudum; discovered by Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 36.
Anomalococcus hirsutus Ramakrishna, 1930: 53. Type data: INDIA: Tinnevelly, on undetermined tree. Syntypes. Type depositories: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK, and Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Synonymy by Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 36.
Anemolus indicus; Mahdihassan, 1934: 261. Described: female and first instar. Misspelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Acacia [LambdiKo1973], Acacia arabica [LambdiKo1973], Acacia farnesiana [LambdiKo1973], Acacia leucophloea [LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India [Ramakr1919, LambdiKo1973].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female given by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: Female test highly convex; smooth, dorsal carina represented at most by a series of small tubercles; transverse carina absent. Male test elliptical; median carina prominent along with 7-8 transverse ridges (Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973).
SYSTEMATICS: The binomen Anomalococcus hirsutus was published twice, as a Manuscript Name credited to Green, by Ramakrishna Ayyar (1924, 1926) both of which are Nomina Nuda. Ramakrishna Ayyar (1930) provided several characters distinguishing the former from A. indicus, and therefore under Article 12 of the ICZN, A. hirsutus became an available name, that should be credited to Ramakrishna Ayyar (1930).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 24 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 318]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 29-37]; Mahdih1934 [taxonomy: 261]; Ramakr1919 [taxonomy: 627]; Ramakr1919a [taxonomy: 45]; Ramakr1919b [taxonomy: 92]; Ramakr1921a [taxonomy: 342]; Ramakr1924 [taxonomy: 344]; Ramakr1926 [taxonomy: 452]; Ramakr1930 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 52-53]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 452]; UsmanPu1955 [host, distribution: 47]; Varshn1967 [taxonomy: 77].
Brookesiella Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Brookesiella Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1974: 409. Type species: Brookesiella tuberans Lambdin & Kosztarab, by monotypy and original designation.
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1974: 412 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 318]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 3-4]; LambdiKo1974 [taxonomy, description: 409-412].
Brookesiella tuberans Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Brookesiella tuberans Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1974: 409. Type data: AUSTRALIA: South Australia, Yudnapinna, on Acacia aneura. Holotype. Type depository: Adelaide: South Australian Museum, South Australia, Australia. Illust.
HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia aneura [LambdiKo1974].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (South Australia [LambdiKo1974]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1974).
STRUCTURE: This species does not elicit gall formation on its host, but induces a swelling at the feeding site (Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1974).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 318-319]; GullanMiCo2005 [taxonomy, structure: 168,208-210]; LambdiKo1974 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 409-412].
Celaticoccus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Celaticoccus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1976a: 56. Type species: Sphaerococcus cantentulatus Froggatt, by monotypy and original designation.
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 319]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 4]; LambdiKo1976a [taxonomy, description: 55-61].
Celaticoccus cantentulatus (Froggatt)NOMENCLATURE:
Sphaerococcus cantentulatus Froggatt, 1921b: 8. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Condobolin District, on Acacia pendula. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1976a: 57. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female.
Celaticoccus cantentulatus; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1976a: 57. Change of combination.
HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia pendula [Frogga1921b].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [Frogga1921b, LambdiKo1976a]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Froggatt (1921b) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1976a).
STRUCTURE: These coccids attack the young branchlets ... causing them to swell out into gouty excrescences, irregularly rounded, up to an inch in length and one-eighth of an inch in diameter. These thickened twigs are hollow, containing a row of gall chambers, each separated from the other. The adult female rests in the centre, upon an oval depression or scar, through which there is sometimes an aperture; the outer surface of the gall mass marked with tubercles corresponding with the depressions inside the gall chambers. Adult female reddish brown, semi globular, wrinkled, with the abdominal segments reduced to a point at the apex; legs and antennae aborted (Froggatt, 1921b).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 319]; Frogga1921b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 8]; HendriKo1999 [taxonomy: 165]; LambdiKo1976a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 55-61]; MillerGuWi1998 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 289].
Cosmococcus BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Cosmococcus Borchsenius, 1959a: 842. Type species: Cosmococcus erythrinae Borchsenius, by original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 22 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 242 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1959a: 841, 845-846 (female) [Genera of Lecanodiaspididae].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 319]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description: 841-842, 846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description: 241-242]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 416]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 4-5, 22, 37-38]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 43]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85].
Cosmococcus albizziae BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Cosmococcus albizziae Borchsenius, 1960d: 244. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, on branches of Albizia mollis. Holotype. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Illust.
HOST: Fabaceae: Albizia mollis [Borchs1960d].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: Female test oval, moderately convex; dense; enveloping the female body above and below (Borchsenius, 1960d; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973).
SYSTEMATICS:
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 38 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 242 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 319-320]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 244-247]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 416]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 38-43]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 43-44].
Cosmococcus erythrinae BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Cosmococcus erythrinae Borchsenius, 1959a: 845. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan province, Mangshi, on branches of Erythrina indica. Holotype. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Illust.
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Erythrina indica [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d]. Moraceae: Ficus benghalensis [LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d]); India [LambdiKo1973].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: Female test slightly convex, ornately sculptured with white gibbous projections. Male test oval, flat, with longitudinal and transverse ridges, beige in colour (Borchsenius, 1959a; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 38 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 242 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 320]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 845-846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 242-243]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 416-417]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 38, 43-48]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Cosmococcus euphorbiae BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Cosmococcus euphorbiae Borchsenius, 1959a: 845. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan province, near Binchwan, on the stems of Euphorbia splendens. Holotype. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Illust.
HOST: Euphorbiaceae: Euphorbia splendens [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: Female test subcircular, slightly convex; wax protrusions forming a medial carina; transverse mid-dorsal projections extending from the medial carina to submedial area where it fuses with the 2 submedial longitudinal rows or irregularly shaped projections. Margins with 9 to 11 wax-like projections of variable shape and size; 6-7 mm long, 5-6 mm wide. Male test short, oval, with a longitudinal rib in the middle and several transverse ridges; 2.3 mm long, 1.4 mm wide (Borchsenius, 1960d; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973).
SYSTEMATICS:
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 38 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 242 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 320]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 845-846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 242, 244]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 417]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 38, 48-53]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Cosmococcus mimusopis (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis mimusopis; Green, 1922a: 1034. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis mimusopis Green, 1922a: 1034. Type data: SRI LANKA: Hambantota, on Mimusops hexandra. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Cosmococcus mimusopis; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 53. Change of combination.
HOST: Sapotaceae: Mimusops hexandra [Green1922a, Green1937, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Sri Lanka [Green1922a, Green1937, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 13 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 320-321]; Green1922a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 1034-1035]; Green1937 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 287]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 3, 85-89]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 53-54]; Ramakr1926 [taxonomy, host, distribution : 455]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 13, 63-65].
Crescoccus WangNOMENCLATURE:
Cresococcus Wang, 1982: 85. Type species: Cresococcus candidus Wang, by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Wang (1982).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 321]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 5]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 417]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy, description: 85-88].
Crescoccus candidus (Wang)NOMENCLATURE:
Cresococcus candidus Wang, 1982TC: 87. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, Yunnan Tali, on Quercus.. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Illust.
HOSTS: Fagaceae: Quercus [Wang1982TC]. Rosaceae: Malus [Wang1982TC].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Wang1982TC]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Wang (1982).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 321]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 417]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 85-88].
Gallinococcus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Gallinococcus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 54. Type species: Gallinococcus ferrisi Lambdin & Kosztarab (= Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison), by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
SYSTEMATICS: The holotype of both Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison (1927) and Gallinococcus ferrisi Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973) [type species of Gallinococcus Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973)] is the same single specimen, deposited in USNM, and labelled in red ink "Amorphococcus leptospermi/n.sp./Holotype/HM." in black ink "8480/Sphaerococcus/ leptospermi Masl./on/Leptospermum/N.S.W/W.W. Froggatt" in pencil "40358/B". The right label is not original and labelled, in pencil, "Leptospermi/associated with Lecanodiaspis/H.M. March 11,/1952" and in ink "Gallinococcus/ferrisi n. sp./Det Lambdin & Krb." (See Miller, Gullan & Williams, 1998: 294).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 22 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 321]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 6]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 54-60]; MillerGuWi1998 [taxonomy: 294]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85].
Gallinococcus leptospermi (Morrison & Morrison)NOMENCLATURE:
Amorphococcus leptospermi; Ferris, 1919d: 249. Misidentification.
Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison, 1927: 2. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, on Leptospermum laevigatum. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; type no. 40358. Described: female.
Amorphococcus fallax Lindinger, 1943b: 206. Unjustified replacement name for Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison.
Gallinococcus ferrisi Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 55. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, on Leptospermum laevigatum. Holotype. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Synonymy by Miller, Gullan & Williams, 1998: 294. Notes: The holotypes of both Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison (1927) and Gallinococcus ferrisi Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973) is the same single specimen, deposited in USNM, and labelled in red ink "Amorphococcus leptospermi/n.sp./Holotype/HM." in black ink "8480/Sphaerococcus/ leptospermi Masl./on/Leptospermum/N.S.W/W.W. Froggatt" in pencil "40358/B". The right label is not original and labellled, in pencil, "Leptospermi/associated with Lecanodiaspis/H.M. March 11,/1952" and in ink "Gallinococcus/ferrisi n. sp./Det Lambdin & Krb.".
Gallinococcus leptospermi; Miller, Gullan & Williams, 1998: 294. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Myrtaceae: Leptospermum [LambdiKo1973], Leptospermum laevigatum [MorrisMo1927, LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [MorrisMo1927, LambdiKo1973]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973) as Gallinococcus ferrisi.
SYSTEMATICS: The holotype of both Amorphococcus leptospermi Morrison & Morrison (1927) and Gallinococcus ferrisi Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973) [type species of Gallinococcus Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973)] is the same single specimen, deposited in USNM, and labelled in red ink "Amorphococcus leptospermi/n.sp./Holotype/HM." in black ink "8480/Sphaerococcus/ leptospermi Masl./on/Leptospermum/N.S.W/W.W. Froggatt" in pencil "40358/B". The right label is not original and labelled, in pencil, "Leptospermi/associated with Lecanodiaspis/H.M. March 11,/1952" and in ink "Gallinococcus/ferrisi n. sp./Det Lambdin & Krb." (See Miller, Gullan & Williams, 1998: 294).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 321-322]; Ferris1919d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 250-251]; GullanMiCo2005 [taxonomy, structure: 168,208-210]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 55-60]; Lindin1943b [taxonomy: 206]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 190]; MillerGuWi1998 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 294]; MorrisMo1927 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 2-3].
Lecanodiaspis Targioni TozzettiNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis Targioni Tozzetti, 1869: 261. Type species: Lecanodiaspis sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, by monotypy.
Lecaniodiaspis; Signoret, 1870a: 272. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Signoret (1870a: 272) published the misspelling (Lecaniodiaspis) of the genus name Lecanodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis; Signoret, 1870a: 285. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name, whereas Signoret (1870a: 272) published the misspelled name Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis; Ashmead, 1891: 100. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Cockerell, 1893h: 76. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Cockerell, 1893h: 76. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Lecaniodiaspis; , Misspelling of genus name.
Birchippia Green, 1900e: 450-451. Type species: Birchippia anomala, by monotypy and original designation. Synonymy by Green, 1901a: 295.
Lecaniodiaspis; Fernald, 1903b: 54. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Newstead, 1911: 100. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodaspis; Froggatt, 1915: 760. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Lawson, 1917: 169. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Brain, 1920: 115. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; MacGillivray, 1921: 187. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Hall, 1926a: 29. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Balachowsky, 1934d: 148. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Bodenheimer, 1935: 260. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Green, 1937: 287. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Ferris, 1937: 6. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Lizer y Trelles, 1938: 348. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Takahashi, 1950: 69. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; De Lotto, 1955: 269. Misspelling of genus name. Notes: Lecaniodiaspis; De Lotto, Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Ferris, 1955a: 44. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Borchsenius, 1959a: 841. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis; Borchsenius, 1960d: 233. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis; Morrison & Morrison, 1966: 24,105. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
Lecaniodiaspis; Munting & Giliomee, 1967: 102. Misspelling of genus name.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters, based on the adult female, by Ferris (1955a), Borchsenius (1960d), Howell & Kosztarab (1972) and by Hodgson (1973a). Definition and characters, based on the first-instar nymph, by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
SYSTEMATICS: Lecanodiaspis was established by Targioni Tozzetti (1869: 261). Signoret (1870a: 272) first published the misspelling Lecaniodiaspis, whereas on page 285 he used the correct spelling Lecanodiaspis. Most subsequent authors used, until the late 1960's, the misspelled name Lecaniodiaspis, as listed here: Ashmead (1891: 100), Cockerell (1893h: 76), Cockerell (1893h: 76), Fernald (1903b: 54), Newstead (1911: 100), Froggatt (1915: 760), Lawson (1917: 169), Brain (1920: 115), MacGillivray (1921: 187), Hall (1926a: 29), Balachowsky (1934d: 148), Bodenheimer (1935: 260), Green (1937: 287), Ferris (1937: 6), Lizer y Trelles (1938: 348), Takahashi (1950: 69), De Lotto (1955: 269), Ferris (1955a: 44), Borchsenius (1959a: 841), Borchsenius (1960d: 233), and Munting & Giliomee (1967: 102). Morrison & Morrison (1966: 24,105) discussed the erroneous usage of the misspelled generic name, and re-introduced the name Lecanodiaspis. Borchsenius (1959a) established the family Lecanodiaspididae (type-genus Lecanodiaspis Targioni Tozzetti, 1869), while misspelling both the genus and family names, Lecaniodiaspis and Lecaniodiaspididae. Howell & Kosztarab (1972) divided Lecanodiaspis into four species groups, namely, eucalypti (which includes 21 species), africana (includes 7 species), quercus (includes 8 species) and the prosopidis group with 14 species.
KEYS: BenDov 2009: 449 (female) [Lecanodiaspis species in the Mediterranean region]; Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 23 (female) [World]; Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species in the Quercus group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 24-25,95-97,110-113 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 13-16 (first-instar nymph) [World]; Borchsenius 1959a: 841, 845-846 (female) [Genera of Lecanodiaspididae]; Brain 1920: 115 (female) [Lecanodiaspis species of South Africa].
CITATIONS: Ashmea1891 [taxonomy: 100]; Balach1934d [taxonomy: 148]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 322-323]; BenDov2009 [taxonomy: 449-452]; Bodenh1935 [taxonomy: 260]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy: 840-846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description: 233]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description: 115]; Cocker1893h [taxonomy: 76]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 392]; DeLott1955 [taxonomy: 269]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description: 44-45]; Fuller1897c [taxonomy: 7]; GomezM1937 [taxonomy, description: 239-240]; Green1900e [taxonomy, description: 448-449]; Green1901a [taxonomy: 293-295]; Green1937 [taxonomy: 287]; GullanCo2001 [taxonomy, phylogeny: 91-99]; GullanMiCo2005 [taxonomy, structure: 168,208-210]; Hall1926a [taxonomy: 29]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description: 1-248]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 417]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy: 1-26]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy: 60-61]; Lawson1917 [taxonomy, description: 169]; Lizery1938 [taxonomy: 348]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 182,189]; MorrisMo1966 [taxonomy, catalogue: 24, 105]; MuntinGi1967 [taxonomy: 102]; Newste1911 [taxonomy: 100]; Paik1978 [taxonomy, distribution: 413]; Russel1941 [taxonomy: 3]; Signor1870a [taxonomy: 270,273,285-286]; Takaha1950 [taxonomy: 69]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 44]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85]; Willia1969a [taxonomy: 329]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy: 3-16].
Lecanodiaspis acaciae (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora acaciae Maskell, 1893b: 225. Type data: AUSTRALIA: on the twigs of Acacia calamifolia. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis acaciae; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis acaciae; Fernald, 1903b: 54. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Prosopophora acacia; Borchsenius, 1960d: 224. Misspelling of species name.
Lecanodiaspis acaciae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 30. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Acacia calamifolia [Maskel1893b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972], Acacia cyanophylla [Fernal1903b], Acacia decurrens [WilliaKo1970], Acacia microbotrya [Fernal1903b].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Victoria [WilliaKo1970], Western Australia [Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 37 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 29 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 323]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 49]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 54]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 760]; Fuller1897b [taxonomy, host, distribution: 1345]; Fuller1897c [taxonomy, host, distribution: 7]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 30-34]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 37]; Maskel1893b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 225-226]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 17-20].
Lecanodiaspis africana (Newstead)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecainodiaspis africana; Newstead, 1911: 100. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis africana Newstead, 1911: 100. Type data: EGYPT: Ezbet el Nakhl, on Acacia arabica. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Hodgson, 1973a: 416. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis africana; Hall, 1926a: 29. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis africana; Hall, 1927b: 160. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis africana; Hall, 1927c: 266. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis africana; Balachowsky, 1934d: 148. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis africana; Bodenheimer, 1935: 260, 270. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis africana; Hodgson, 1973a: 416. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Casuarinaceae: Casuarina [Habib1957, HowellKo1972]. Fabaceae: Acacia [Hodgso1973a], Acacia arabica [Newste1911, Hall1922, Habib1957, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Acacia ehrenbergiana [BenDov2009], Acacia raddiana [BenDov2009], Acacia seyal [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Acacia tortilis [Bodenh1929b, Habib1957, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a, BenDov2009]. Lythraceae: Lawsonia alba [HowellKo1972], Lawsonia inermis [Hall1923, BenDov2009]. Moraceae: Ficus [Newste1911, Hall1922, HowellKo1972], Ficus benghalensis [Hodgso1973a], Ficus carica [Habib1957, Beccar1971, HowellKo1972, BenDov2009], Ficus infectoria [Hall1925, Habib1957, HowellKo1972], Ficus laurifolia [HowellKo1972], Ficus nitida [Habib1957, HowellKo1972], Ficus pseudosycomorus [Bodenh1929b], Ficus rubiginosa [BenDov2009]. Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava [Habib1957, HowellKo1972, BenDov2009]. Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus [Bodenh1929b, Hodgso1973a], Ziziphus spina-christa [Habib1957, HowellKo1972, BenDov2009]. Salicaceae: Salix [Hall1925, Habib1957, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Gambia [Hodgso1973a]; Mauritania [Hodgso1973a]; Niger [HowellKo1972]; Nigeria [Hodgso1973a]; Sudan [Hodgso1973a]. Palaearctic: Algeria [Hodgso1973a]; Egypt [Newste1911, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a, EzzatNa1987]; Israel [BenDov2009]; Libya [Hodgso1973a]; Saudi Arabia [Beccar1971, HowellKo1972].
BIOLOGY: Populations of this species in Israel are biparental, developing one annual generation; females breed from February to April (BenDov, 2009).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams & Kosztarab (1970) and by Hodgson (1973a). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Ben-Dov 2009: 449 (female) [Lecanodiaspis species in the Mediterranean region]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 13 (firs-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: AfifiKo1969 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 12-15]; Balach1929a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 306, 307]; Balach1934d [host, distribution: 148]; Balach1937e [illustration, host: 79]; Balach1958a [taxonomy: 46]; Balach1958b [distribution : 279]; Beccar1971 [host, distribution: 194]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 324]; BenDov2009 [taxonomy, host, distribution, life history: 449-452]; BenDov2012 [catalogue, distribution, host: 33,42]; Bodenh1929b [host, distribution: 112]; Bodenh1935 [host, distribution: 260, 270]; BodenhTh1929 [taxonomy: 5, 15, 117]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy : 233]; Buchne1953 [taxonomy, structure: 215-217]; Buchne1965 [taxonomy, structure: 237]; Draper1907 [host, distribution]; EzzatNa1987 [distribution: 88]; Habib1957 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 372-374]; Hall1922 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 7]; Hall1923 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 33, 59]; Hall1925 [host, distribution : 18, 25]; Hall1926a [host, distribution: 29, 36, 41]; Hall1927b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 160, 173]; Hall1927c [host, distribution : 266]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 416-419]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 97-98]; KotejaPyVo2003 [taxonomy, structure: 253]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 418]; Lindin1912b [taxonomy, distribution: 52]; Lindin1935 [taxonomy: 136]; MohammGh2008 [distribution: 154]; Newste1906 [taxonomy : 68]; Newste1911 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 101, 102]; Sassce1912 [taxonomy , host, distribution: 84]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 23-26].
Lecanodiaspis albilineata Williams & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis albilineata Williams & Kosztarab, 1970: 26. Type data: GUATEMALA: Coban, on Camellia sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Theaceae: Camellia [WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Guatemala [WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams and Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 324-325]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 155-159]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 16, 26-29].
Lecanodiaspis anomala (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Birchippia anomala Green, 1900e: 451. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, Birchip, on an unidentified leguminous shrub. Syntypes. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis anomala; Green, 1901a: 294. Change of combination. Notes: Mis-spelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis anomala; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 35. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOST: Fabaceae [Green1900e, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Victoria [Green1900e, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970). Description and illustration of adult male by Afifi & Kosztarab (1969).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 29 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: AfifiKo1969 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15-18]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 325]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 760]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 54]; Green1900e [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 451-452]; Green1901a [taxonomy: 295]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 35-39]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; Morris1919 [taxonomy: 67]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 35-39].
Lecanodiaspis atherospermae (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora atherospermae Maskell, 1896b: 395. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, "Fernshaw", "Black Spur", on Atherosperma moschata. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis atherospermae; Cockerell, 1899a: 392. Change of combination. Notes: Mis-spelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis atherospermae; Fernald, 1903b: 54. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis atherospermae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 113. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Atherospermataceae: Atherosperma moschata [Maskel1896b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia [Maskel1896b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 113 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 325]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, distribution: 236]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 392]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 49]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 54]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 761]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 54]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 113-118]; Maskel1896b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 395-396]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 32, 33].
Lecanodiaspis australis Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis australis Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 39. Type data: AUSTRALIA: on an undetermined host. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia [HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 27 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 326]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 40-43]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35].
Lecanodiaspis baculifera LeonardiNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis baculifera Leonardi, 1907: 11. Type data: INDONESIA: Java, on undetermined host. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Mangifera [HowellKo1972]. Viscaceae: Viscum album [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Java [Leonar1907, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 112 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: AminAfNa1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 153-169]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 326]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 118-122]; Leonar1907 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 11-14].
Lecanodiaspis brabei BrainNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis brabei; Brain, 1920: 117. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis brabei Brain, 1920: 117. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Newlands, on Brabejum stellatifolium. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Hodgson, 1973a: 419. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Mis-spelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis brabei; Howell & Kosztarab, 1971: 43. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Bignoniaceae: Tecoma [Giliom1966, AfifiKo1969, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]. Proteaceae: Brabejum stellatifolium [Brain1920, MunroFo1936, Giliom1966, AfifiKo1969, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [Brain1920, MunroFo1936, Giliom1966, AfifiKo1969, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972) and by Hodgson (1973a). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: AfifiKo1969 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 18-22]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 326]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 117, 118]; Giliom1966 [host, distribution: 419]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 419-422]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 43]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35]; MunroFo1936 [host, distribution : 88]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 33-36].
Lecanodiaspis brachystegiae HallNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae brachystegiae; Hall, 1935a: 219. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis mimosae brachystegiae Hall, 1935a: 219. Type data: ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, The Kopje, on Brachystegia sp. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis brachystegiae; Hodgson, 1973a: 422. Illust. Change of combination and rank. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Fabaceae: Brachystegia [Hall1935a, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Zimbabwe [Hall1935a, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 326-327]; Hall1935a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 219]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 422-424]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 104].
Lecanodiaspis brookesae Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis brookesae Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 44. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, "Nat. Ranch", on Zieria pilosa. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Rutaceae: Zieria pilosa [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first instar nymph by Lambdin & Podsiadlo (2001).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 327]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 44-47]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; LambdiPo2001 [taxonomy, description, illustration: 287-293]; PodsiaLa2005 [taxonomy: 127-132].
Lecanodiaspis casuarinae Williams & WatsonNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis casuarinae Williams & Watson, 1990: 181. Type data: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Buso, on branches of Casuarina sp. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Casuarinaceae: Casuarina [WilliaWa1990].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Papua New Guinea [WilliaWa1990].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 327]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 181].
Lecanodiaspis convexa FroggattNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis convexus; Froggatt, 1915: 54. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis convexus Froggatt, 1915: 761. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Picton, on Eucalyptus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Brisbane: Queensland Museum, Queensland, Australia. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Described again as n.sp. in Froggatt (1921a).
Lecanodiaspis convexa; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 47. Justified emendation. Notes: Change of species name to agree in gender, and correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 16 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 327]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 761-762]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 54, 55]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 47-52]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 16, 40-43].
Lecanodiaspis crassispina Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis crassispina Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 52. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, Mildura, on Eucalyptus incrassata. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Acacia [HowellKo1972]. Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus incrassata [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Northern Territory [HowellKo1972], Victoria [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first instar nymph by Lambdin & Podsiadlo (2001).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Hodgson 1972: 29 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 328]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 52-56]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; LambdiPo2001 [taxonomy, description, illustration: 287-293]; PodsiaLa2005 [taxonomy: 127-132].
Lecanodiaspis cremastogastri TakahashiNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis cremastogastri; Takahashi, 1929: 47. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis cremastogastri Takahashi, 1929: 47. Type data: TAIWAN: Hori, attacking branches of Lithocarpus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis cremastogastri; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 122. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOSTS: Fagaceae: Lithocarpus [Takaha1929, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972], Quercus [Takaha1942c, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Hainan [Takaha1942c, HowellKo1972]); Taiwan [Takaha1929, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams & Kosztarab (1970) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 112 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 328]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 236]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 122-126]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 418]; Takaha1929 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 47-49]; Takaha1942c [host, distribution: 501]; Takaha1950 [taxonomy: 71]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 43].
Lecanodiaspis dealbatae Lambdin, {in}: Howell, Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis dealbatae Lambdin, {in}: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 37. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Emerald, on Acacia dealbata; collected by French, 1915. Holotype female. Type depository: Canberra: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Australia; type no. BCRI590. Described: female. Illust.
HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia dealbata [HowellLaKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Queensland [HowellLaKo1973]).
BIOLOGY: Adult female produce pits (Howell et al., 1973).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell et al. (1973).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34-37 (female) [Species of eucalypti group].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 328]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 37-42].
Lecanodiaspis dendrobii (Douglas)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora dendrobii Douglas, 1892a: 207. Type data: GUYANA: Demerara, on Dendrobium calceolaria. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female.
Lecaniodiaspis dendrobii; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Change of combination. Notes: Mis-spelling of genus name
Lecanodiaspis dendrobii; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 159. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Euphorbiaceae: Croton [HowellKo1972]. Fabaceae: Acacia [Lizery1938]. Moraceae: Ficus carica [Lizery1938], Morus [Lizery1938]. Orchidaceae [HowellKo1972], Dendrobium [Dougla1892a, HowellKo1972], Dendrobium calceolaria [Dougla1892a, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972]. Polygonaceae: Polygonum convolvulae [Lizery1938]. Rutaceae: Citrus [Lizery1938]. Verbenaceae: Lippia [Lizery1938].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: Mexico [Miller1996]. Neotropical: Argentina [Miller1996] (Buenos Aires [Lizery1938], Cordoba [Lizery1938, GranarCl2003], Corrientes [Lizery1938], San Juan [Lizery1938, GranarCl2003], Tucuman [GranarCl2003]); Colombia [Miller1996, Kondo2001]; Guatemala [Miller1996]; Guyana [Dougla1892a, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972, Miller1996]; Honduras [Miller1996]; Uruguay [Lizery1938]; Venezuela [Miller1996].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 155 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 329]; Bodkin1914 [taxonomy: 108]; Bodkin1917 [taxonomy: 107]; Bodkin1922 [host, distribution : 60]; Cocker1893k [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 548]; Cocker1894d [taxonomy : 312]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; Cocker1896i [taxonomy : 50]; Cocker1902p [taxonomy: 251]; Dougla1892a [taxonomy: 207]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 55]; GranarCl2003 [host, distribution: 633]; Green1901a [taxonomy, description, illustration: 293,294]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 159-163]; Kirkal1905 [taxonomy: 78]; Kondo2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 40]; Lindin1958 [taxonomy: 369]; Lizery1938 [host, distribution: 348-349]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 189]; Miller1996 [catalogue, distribution: 79]; Newste1893 [taxonomy: 78]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 452]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 43-46].
Lecanodiaspis dilatata FroggattNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis dilatata; Froggatt, 1915: 762. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis dilatata Froggatt, 1915: 762. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, near Sydney, on the wattles, at National Park; on Acacia discolor. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Brisbane: Queensland Museum, Queensland, Australia. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Described again as n. sp. in Froggatt (1921a).
Lecanodiaspis dilatata; Howell & Kosztarab 56, 1972: 56. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia discolor [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 37 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 29 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 329]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 762]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 55]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 56-60]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 37]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 15, 46-49].
Lecanodiaspis distincta Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis distincta Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 60. Type data: AUSTRALIA: South Australia, "Southport", on Acacia longifolia. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Fabaceae: Acacia longifolia [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (South Australia [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 25 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 330]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 60-64]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 34].
Lecanodiaspis dorsospinosa HodgsonNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis dorsospinosa Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 65. Nomen nudum; discovered by Hodgson, 1973a: 424.
Lecanodiaspis dorsospinosa Hodgson, 1973a: 424. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, 23 miles south of Barberton, on Ziziphus mucronata. Holotype female. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Rhamnaceae: Ziziphus mucronata [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 27 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 330]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 424-426]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 65]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 34].
Lecanodiaspis elongata FerrisNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis elongata; Ferris, 1950: 6. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis elongata Ferris, 1950: 6. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, near Kunming, An-lin-wen-chian, on Lithocarpus spicata. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis elongata; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 127. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Fagaceae: Lithocarpus spicata [Ferris1950, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Ferris1950, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1950) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 112 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 330]; Ferris1950 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 6-7]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 127-132]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Lecanodiaspis elytropappi Munting & GiliomeeNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis elytropappi; Munting & Giliomee, 1967: 102. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Lecanodiaspis elytropappi Munting & Giliomee, 1967: 102. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Ceres, Koue Bokkeveld, on the stem of Elytropappus rhinocerotis. Holotype female. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis elytropappi; Hodgson, 1973a: 426. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOST: Asteraceae: Elytropappus rhinocerotis [MuntinGi1967, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [MuntinGi1967, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Munting & Giliomee (1967) and by Hodgson (1973a). Description and illustration of adult male by Giliomee (1967a).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 27 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 330-331]; Giliom1967a [taxonomy, description, illustration: 185-197]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 426-428]; HodgsoMi2002IM [taxonomy: 511]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 65]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35]; MuntinGi1967 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 102-108].
Lecanodiaspis eremocitri Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis eremocitri Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 132. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Goondiwindi, on Eremocitrus sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Adelaide: South Australian Museum, South Australia, Australia. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Rutaceae: Eremocitrus [HowellKo1972], Eremocitrus glauca [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Queensland [HowellKo1972], South Australia [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 113 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 331]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 132-136].
Lecanodiaspis erica HodgsonNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis erica Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 65. Nomen nudum; discovered by Hodgson, 1973a: 428.
Lecanodiaspis erica Hodgson, 1973a: 428. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Tradouw Pass, on the smaller stems and twigs of Erica sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Ericaceae: Erica [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Erica versicolor [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [Hodgso1973a, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 331]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 428-431]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 65]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35].
Lecanodiaspis erratica De LottoNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis erratica; De Lotto, 1955: 269. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis erratica De Lotto, 1955: 269. Type data: KENYA: Kiambu, Nairobi District, on stems and branches of Coffea arabica. Holotype female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis erratica; Hodgson, 1973a: 431. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOSTS: Moraceae: Ficus mallatocarpa [DeLott1967a]. Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [DeLott1955, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Kenya [DeLott1955] (Nairobi District, Kiambu.) [Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 331]; DeLott1955 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 269]; DeLott1967a [host, distribution: 111]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 431-433]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 104-105].
Lecanodiaspis esperancei Howell, {in}: Howell, Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis esperancei Howell, {in}: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 42. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Esperance, on wild bush; collected George Compere. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Western Australia [HowellLaKo1973]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell et al. (1973).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34-36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 332]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 42-46].
Lecanodiaspis eucalypti (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora eucalypti Maskell, 1893b: 226. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Whitton, on Eucalyptus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis eucalypti; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis eucalypti; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis eucalypti; Fernald, 1903b: 55. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis eucalypti; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 66. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus [Maskel1893b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, MorrisMo1927, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [Maskel1893b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Williams & Kosztarab (1970) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 29 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 332]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 49]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 55]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 762-763]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 66-70]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; Maskel1893a [taxonomy: 105]; Maskel1893b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 226, 227]; MorrisMo1927 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 28-31]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 49-53].
Lecanodiaspis frenchi FroggattNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis frenchi; Froggatt, 1915: 763. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis frenchi Froggatt, 1915: 763. Type data: AUSTRALIA: North-West Victoria, on Eucalyptus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Brisbane: Queensland Museum, Queensland, Australia. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Described again as n.sp in Froggatt (1921a).
Lecanodiaspis frenchi; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 27. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
HOSTS: Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970], Eucalyptus gracilis [WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [HowellKo1972], Victoria [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972, WilliaKo1970]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 27 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 332-333]; French1907 [taxonomy : 184]; French1907a [taxonomy, description : 240]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 763]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 56]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 70-75]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 34]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14,53-56].
Lecanodiaspis greeni TakahashiNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis greeni; Takahashi, 1950: 69. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis greeni Takahashi, 1950: 69. Type data: INDONESIA: Riau Islands, Rempang, on unidentified plant. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1976: 44. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis greeni; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 218. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [Takaha1950, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin et al. (1976).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1976: 49 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 333]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 218]; LambdiHoKo1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 43-49]; Takaha1950 [taxonomy, description, illustration, distribution: 69-70].
Lecanodiaspis hodgsoni Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis hodgsoni Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 164. Type data: U.S.A.: Arizona, Tucson, on Fouquieria sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Fouquieriaceae: Fouquieria [HowellKo1972], Fouquieria splendens [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: United States of America (Arizona [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 153 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: AminAfNa1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 153-169]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 333]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 164-168].
Lecanodiaspis ingae Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis ingae Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 168. Type data: PUERTO RICO: "Maunabo", on the bark (trunk and branches) of Inga vera. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Inga laurina [HowellKo1972], Inga punctata [HowellKo1972], Inga vera [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Guyana [HowellKo1972]; Puerto Rico & Vieques Island [HowellKo1972] ("Maunabo".).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 333]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 168-172].
Lecanodiaspis magna BrainNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis magna; Brain, 1920: 117. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis magna Brain, 1920: 117. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Groot Drakenstein, on the crowns of a native bush. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis magna; Hodgson, 1973a: 433. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [Brain1920, MunroFo1936, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 333-334]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 117]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 433-435]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 75-76]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35]; MunroFo1936 [host, distribution: 88].
Lecanodiaspis majestica Wang & QiuNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis majesticus Wang & Qiu, 1986: 303. Type data: CHINA: Shandong, on Pasania cleistocarpa; collected March 21, 1981 by Qin yuan-ying. Holotype female. Type depository: Beijing: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, China. Described: female. Illust.
Lecanodiaspis majestica; Ben-Dov, 2005: xx. Notes: Change name to agree in gender.
HOST: Fagaceae: Pasania cleistocarpa [WangQi1986].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: China (Shandong (=Shantung) [WangQi1986]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Wang & Qiu (1986).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 334]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44]; WangQi1986 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 303-305].
Lecanodiaspis malaboda GreenNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis malaboda; Green, 1909a: 300. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis malaboda Green, 1909a: 300. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on Myristica laurifolia; Watawella, on Bocagea obliqua. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis malaboda; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 136. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Annonaceae: Bocagea obliqua [Green1909a, HowellKo1972]. Fagaceae [Takaha1952, HowellKo1972]. Moraceae: Artocarpus gomeziana [HowellKo1972]. Myristicaceae: Myristica fragrans [HowellKo1972], Myristica laurifolia [Green1909a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Malaysia [Takaha1952, HowellKo1972]; Sri Lanka [Green1909a, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 112 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 334]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 242]; Green1909a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 300]; Green1937 [taxonomy, host, distribution : 287]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 136-141]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution : 342]; Sassce1911 [catalogue: 63]; Takaha1929 [taxonomy: 49]; Takaha1950 [taxonomy: 69]; Takaha1952 [host, distribution: 10].
Lecanodiaspis melaleucae (Fuller)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora melaleucae Fuller, 1897b: 1345. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Northern Australia, Swan River, on Melaleuca leucadendron. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 76. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Notes:
Prosopophora melaleucae; Fuller, 1897c: 7. Notes: Described again as "n. sp.".
Lecaniodiaspis melaleucae; Fuller, 1899: 455. Change of combination. Notes: Mis-spelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis melaleucae; Fernald, 1903b: 55. Change of combination. Notes: Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis melaleucae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 76. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Myrtaceae: Melaleuca [HowellKo1972], Melaleuca "lanceolata" [HowellKo1972], Melaleuca leucadendron [Fuller1897b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (South Australia [HowellKo1972], Western Australia [Fuller1897b, Fernal1903b, Frogga1915, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 27 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 334-335]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 392]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 55]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 763]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 56, 57]; Fuller1897c [taxonomy, host, distribution : 7]; Fuller1899 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 455-456]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 76-80]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 56-59].
Lecanodiaspis microcribraria FroggattNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis microcribraria Froggatt, 1915: 763. Type data: AUSTRALIA: Victoria, Dandenong Mountain Ranges, on the branch of Epacris impressa. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Brisbane: Queensland Museum, Queensland, Australia. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Described again as n. sp. in Froggatt (1921a).
Lecaniodaspis microcibraria; Froggatt, 1921a: 57. Misspelling of genus and species names. Notes: Froggatt (1921a), which is a reprinted copy of Froggatt (1915) mis-spelled microcibraria for microcribraria.
Lecanodiaspis microcribraria; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 81. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Epacridaceae: Epacris impressa [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Victoria [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34-37 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 25 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 335]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 763-764]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 53, 57]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 81-85]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 34].
Lecanodiaspis mimosae (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora prosopidis mimosae Maskell, 1897: 316. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA, South West Africa [=NAMIBIA]: on Mimosa sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand. Described: female. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae; Cockerell, 1899a: 394. Change of combination and rank.
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae; Fernald, 1903b: 55. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae; Brain, 1920: 116. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae; Morrison & Morrison, 1927: 30. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis mimosae; Hall, 1935a: 219. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis mimosae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 172. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Acacia [Hodgso1973a], Acacia giraffae [Hodgso1973a, HowellKo1972], Acacia horrida [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Acacia karroo [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Mimosa [Maskel1897, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Namibia (=South West Africa) [Maskel1897, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]; South Africa [Maskel1897, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [as World].
CITATIONS: Balach1929a [host, distribution: 318]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 335-336]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 116]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 392]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 49]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 55]; Hall1935a [taxonomy, description: 219]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution : 435]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 172-173]; Lindin1958 [taxonomy]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy]; MorrisMo1927 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 30, 31]; MunroFo1936 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 88]; Newste1911 [taxonomy: 102]; SchmutKlLu1957 [host, distribution, economic importance: 452]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 59-63].
Lecanodiaspis murphyi Lambdin, in: Lambdin, Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis murphyi Lambdin, in: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 16. Type data: SINGAPORE: Bukit Timah Forest, on unidentified host; collected by D.H. Murphy, 22 November 1972. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Singapore [LambdiHoKo1973].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin et al. (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species of Quercus group].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 336]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 16-20].
Lecanodiaspis natalensis BrainNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis natalensis; Brain, 1920: 116. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis natalensis Brain, 1920: 116. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Natal, Durban, on Hibiscus sp. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Hodgson, 1973a: 438. Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis natalensis; Hodgson, 1973a: 438. Change of combination.
HOST: Malvaceae: Hibiscus [Hodgso1973a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [Brain1920, MunroFo1936, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 336]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 116-117]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 438-440]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 105]; MunroFo1936 [host, distribution : 88].
Lecanodiaspis newmani FroggattNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis newmani; Froggatt, 1915: 764. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis newmani Froggatt, 1915: 764. Type data: AUSTRALIA: West Australia, near Perth, upon the branches of an undetermined species of Eucalyptus. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Canberra: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Australia. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Described again as n. sp. in Froggatt (1921a).
Lecanodiaspis newmani; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 219. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Myrtaceae: Eucalyptus [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (Western Australia [Frogga1915, Frogga1921a, HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Froggatt (1915, 1921a).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 336]; Frogga1915 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 764]; Frogga1921a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 57]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 219-220].
Lecanodiaspis parinarii HallNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis parinarii; Hall, 1935a: 219. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis parinarii Hall, 1935a: 219. Type data: ZIMBABWE: Southern Zimbabwe, Macheke, Mazoe, Inyazura, on Parinarium mobola [= Parinarium curatellifolia]. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Hodgson, 1973a: 440. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis parinarii; Hodgson, 1973a: 440. Illust. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOST: Rosaceae: Parinarium curatellifolia [Hall1935a, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Zimbabwe [Hall1935a, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 337]; Hall1935a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 219-220]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 440-442]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 105-106].
Lecanodiaspis parthenii Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis parthenii Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 173. Type data: MEXICO: Catorce (San Luis Potosi), on the twigs of Parthenium argentatum. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Asteraceae: Parthenium argentatum [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: Mexico [HowellKo1972] (Coahuila [Miller1996], San Luis Potosi [HowellKo1972, Miller1996]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 337]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 173-177]; Miller1996 [catalogue, distribution: 79].
Lecanodiaspis prosopidis (Maskell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora prosopidis Maskell, 1895b: 60. Type data: U.S.A.: Arizona, Benson, on Prosopis julifera. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis prosopidis; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Change of combination.
Leconiodiaspis (Prosopophora) celtidis; Cockerell, 1896b: 327. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis (Prosopophora) celtidis Cockerell, 1896h: 19. Type data: U.S.A.: Texas, San Antonio, on Celtis occidentalis. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Synonymy by Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 178. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) tessellatus Cockerell & Quaintance, 1897: 161. Type data: U.S.A.: Florida, on Carya porcina. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 178. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) radiatus Cockerell, 1897u: 269. Type data: MEXICO: Salina Cruz, on bark of branch of some woody plant. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Synonymy by Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 178.
Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) radiatus; Cockerell, 1897u: 269. Misspelling of genus name.
Prosopophora manihotis Townsend & Cockerell, 1898: 172. Type data: MEXICO: Morelos, Cuautla, on the bark of the "nettle tree". Syntypes, female. Type depositories: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA, and London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Synonymy by Cockerell, 1902. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis manihotis; Cockerell, 1899a: 392. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis pruinonsis celtidis; Hunter, 1899a: 77. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis pruinosa celtidis Hunter, 1899a: 77. Type data: U.S.A.: Kansas, on Ulmus, Ulmus americana. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Synonymy by Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 178. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis celtidis; Fernald, 1903b: 54. Change of combination. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis celtidis; Fernald, 1903b: 54. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis prosopidis; Fernald, 1903b: 55. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis pruinosa; Fernald, 1903b: 55. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis radiata; Fernald, 1903b: 56. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis tessellata; Fernald, 1903b: 56. Change of combination.
Lecaniodiaspis tessellata; Fernald, 1903b: 56. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis aescula Williams & Kosztarab, 1970: 20. Type data: U.S.A.: Washington D.C., on Azalea mollis. Holotype larva. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: larva. Illust. Synonymy by Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 178. Notes: The holotype is a first instar nymph.
Lecanodiaspis aescula; Williams & Kosztarab, 1970: 20. Change of combination.
COMMON NAMES: Common pit scale [HowellKo1972, Gill1993].
HOSTS: Aceraceae: Negundo [Ferris1955a]. Altingiaceae: Liquidambar styraciflua [HowellKo1972]. Anacardiaceae: Anacardium occidentale [HowellKo1972], Cotinus [HowellKo1972]. Aquifoliaceae: Ilex crenata [HowellKo1972]. Berberidaceae: Berberis [HowellKo1972]. Bignoniaceae: Campsis radicans [Riddic1955, HowellKo1972], Catalpa [HowellKo1972], Tecoma [Ferris1955a]. Buxaceae: Buxus [HowellKo1972]. Capparidaceae: Koeberlinia spinosa [HowellKo1972]. Celastraceae: Euonymus [HowellKo1972]. Chenopodiaceae: Sarcobatus [HowellKo1972]. Cistaceae: Helianthemum ellipticum [BenDov1980]. Combretaceae: Conocarpus [HowellKo1972]. Cornaceae: Cornus [Riddic1955], Cornus florida [HowellKo1972]. Ebenaceae: Diospyros [Ferris1955a, Riddic1955], Diospyros virginiana [CockerQu1897, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972]. Ericaceae: Azalea mollis [WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972], Gaylussacia [HowellKo1972], Kalmia latifolia [HowellKo1972], Rhododendron [HowellKo1972], Vaccinium [HowellKo1972]. Euphorbiaceae: Jatropha [TownseCo1898, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Manihot [TownseCo1898, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Fabaceae: Acacia [HowellKo1972], Acacia greggii [Ferris1955a], Albizia [HowellKo1972], Calliandra [HowellKo1972], Gymnocladus [HowellKo1972], Pithecellobium [HowellKo1972], Prosopis [HowellKo1972], Prosopis julifera [Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Prosopis velutina [Ferris1955a], Pueraria thunbergiana [HowellKo1972], Robinia [Ferris1955a], Robinia pseudoacacia [HowellKo1972], Sophora japonica [HowellKo1972], Vachellia farnesiana [Ferris1955a]. Fagaceae: Quercus [Ferris1955a]. Hippocastanaceae: Aesculus glabra [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Aesculus hippocastanum [WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972]. Juglandaceae: Carya [Riddic1955], Carya porcina [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Juglans nigra [HowellKo1972]. Lauraceae: Persea [HowellKo1972]. Magnoliaceae: Liriodendron tulipifera [HowellKo1972], Magnolia [HowellKo1972]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus [HowellKo1972]. Moraceae: Ficus [HowellKo1972], Ficus religiosa [HowellKo1972], Morus [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Oleaceae: Fraxinus [HowellKo1972], Ligustrum japonicum [HowellKo1972], Syringa persica [HowellKo1972]. Pittosporaceae: Pittosporum [HowellKo1972]. Ranunculaceae: Aquilegia [HowellKo1972]. Rhamnaceae: Colubrina [HowellKo1972], Ziziphus obtusifolia [HowellKo1972]. Rosaceae: Malus [Ferris1955a]. Rubiaceae: Coffea arabica [HowellKo1972]. Rutaceae: Citrus [HowellKo1972], Thamnosma montana [HowellKo1972]. Salicaceae: Populus [Ferris1955a], Populus trichocarpa [HowellKo1972], Salix [Ferris1955a]. Smilacaceae: Smilax havanensis [HowellKo1972]. Tamaricaceae: Tamarix [HowellKo1972]. Theaceae: Camellia [HowellKo1972]. Tiliaceae: Tilia [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Ulmaceae: Celtis [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Celtis occidentalis [Cocker1897a, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Ulmus [Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972], Ulmus americana [Ferris1955a]. Vitaceae: Ampelopsis arborea [HowellKo1972], Vitis [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: Mexico [TownseCo1898, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972] (Coahuila [Miller1996], Oaxaca [Miller1996], Sonora [Miller1996]); United States of America (Alabama [Ferris1955a], Alaska [HowellKo1972], Arizona [Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972, Ferris1955a], Arkansas [HowellKo1972], California [HowellKo1972], Colorado [HowellKo1972], Florida [Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Georgia [Fernal1903b, Ferris1955, HowellKo1972], Kansas [Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a], Mississippi [HowellKo1972], Nebraska [HowellKo1972], Ohio [Fernal1903b], Oklahoma [HowellKo1972], Pennsylvania [WilliaKo1970], Texas [Cocker1897a, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Washington [WilliaKo1970]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970) (as L. celtidis and L. prosopidis.
SYSTEMATICS: Williams & Kosztarab (1970) - based on a study of the first-instar nymphs - found distinguishing characters between L. celtidis, L. aescula, L. prosopidis, L. pruinosa, L. radiata and L. tessellata and retained them as distinct species. However, Howell & Kosztarab (1972) concluded that the adult females of the above-mentioned six species are so similar morphologically and regarded all of them as synonyms of L. prosopidis.
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 155 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14, 16 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: Ballou1926 [host, distribution : 46]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 337-339]; Buchne1930 [taxonomy, structure : 443]; Buchne1965 [taxonomy, structure: 238]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; Cocker1896h [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 19]; Cocker1897a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 12, 13]; Cocker1897u [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 267-268]; Cocker1899a [taxonomy: 392]; Cocker1899n [taxonomy: 8]; Cocker1902t [taxonomy: 468]; CockerQu1897 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 161]; Dean1909 [host, distribution: 265]; DeitzTo1980 [taxonomy: 49]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 55]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 46-48]; FerrisKe1923 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 317]; Gee1912 [host, distribution : 485]; Gill1993; Hollin1917a [taxonomy : 269]; Hollin1923 [host, distribution: 44, 62]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 178-184,219]; Hunter1899a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 77]; Hunter1902 [host, distribution]; Lawson1917 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 169-170]; Lindin1932f [taxonomy : 197]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 189]; Maskel1895b [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 60, 61]; Merril1953 [host, distribution: 11, 125]; MerrilCh1923 [host, distribution: 196, 285]; Miller1996 [catalogue, distribution: 79]; Newell1921 [host, distribution: 59]; Richte1928 [taxonomy: 187]; Riddic1955 [host: 12]; RosenbSaSa2012 [ecology, molecular data, physiology: 2357-2368]; Scott1900 [host, distribution: 53]; Sleesm1945 [host, distribution: 44]; Steinw1929 [taxonomy: 218]; Stickn1934 [taxonomy: 149]; TownseCo1898 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 172]; Trimbl1928 [host, distribution: 43]; Willia1985a [taxonomy: 223]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 37-40, 66-69]; Wilson1917 [host, distribution: 34].
Lecanodiaspis rufescens (Cockerell)NOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora rufescens Cockerell, 1893v: 151. Type data: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Las Cruces, on a chenopodiaceous plant. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Notes:
Prosopophora yuccae rufescens; Cockerell, 1896i: 50. Change of status. Notes:
Lecaniodiaspis rufescens; Ehrhorn, 1899a: 104. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis rufescens; Ehrhorn, 1899a: 104. Change of status.
Lecaniodiaspis rufescens; Fernald, 1903b: 56. Misspelling of genus name. Notes:
Lecanodiaspis rufescens; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 184. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
FOE: HYMENOPTERA Aphelinidae: Marietta mexicana (Howard) [MyartsRu2000].
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Toxicodendron radicans [HowellKo1972]. Asclepiadaceae: Sarcobatus [HowellKo1972], Sarcobatus vermiculatus [Ferris1955a]. Asteraceae: Chrysothamnus mohavensis [Ferris1919a, HowellKo1972]. Chenopodiaceae: Atriplex [Ferris1919a], Atriplex canescens [HowellKo1972]. Euphorbiaceae: Adelia neomexicana [Ferris1919a]. Fabaceae: Robinia [HowellKo1972]. Fouquieriaceae: Fouquieria splendens [Cocker1899l, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Oleaceae: Forestiera neo-mexicana [HowellKo1972], Ligustrum [HowellKo1972], Olea europaea [HowellKo1972], Syringa [HowellKo1972]. Rosaceae: Adenostoma fasciculatum [Ehrhor1899a, Fernal1903b, Ferris1919a, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Adenostoma oblongifolia [Fernal1903b]. Thymelaeaceae: Dirca [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: Mexico [Cocker1902m, HowellKo1972, Miller1996, MyartsRu2000]; United States of America (Arizona [Cocker1899l, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972, Miller1996], California [Ehrhor1899a, Fernal1903b, Ferris1919a, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972, Miller1996], Colorado [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972, Miller1996], New Mexico [Ferris1919a, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972, Miller1996]). Neotropical: Chile [HowellKo1972, Miller1996].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 153 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: AminAfNa1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 153-169]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 339-340]; Cocker1893v [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 151]; Cocker1894 [taxonomy: 32]; Cocker1896i [taxonomy, host, distribution: 50]; Cocker1899l [taxonomy, host, distribution: 267]; Cocker1902m [host, distribution: 178]; Cocker1914b [taxonomy: 331]; Ehrhor1899a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 104]; Essig1911 [taxonomy: 469]; Essig1929 [host, distribution]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Ferris1919a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 14]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 49]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 184-189]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 189]; Miller1996 [catalogue, distribution: 79]; MyartsRu2000 [distribution, biological control: 7-33]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 79-82].
Lecanodiaspis rugosa HempelNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis rugosa Hempel, 1900a: 407. Type data: BRAZIL: "Ypiranga", on an unidentified forest tree. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis rugosa; Fernald, 1903b: 56. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis rugosa; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 190. Change of combination. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Euphorbiaceae: Codiaeum variegatum [HowellKo1972], Croton [SilvadGoGa1968]. Malvaceae: Hibiscus [Lepage1938, SilvadGoGa1968, HowellKo1972]. Moraceae: Ficus [HowellKo1972], Ficus carica [HowellKo1972]. Nyctaginaceae: Bougainvillaea [SilvadGoGa1968]. Rosaceae: Rosa [HowellKo1972]. Rutaceae: Citrus [Lepage1938, SilvadGoGa1968, HowellKo1972], Citrus aurantifolia [HowellKo1972], Citrus sinensis [HowellKo1972]. Vitaceae: Vitis [Lepage1938, HowellKo1972]. Vitidaceae: Vitis vinifera [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Brazil [Hempel1900a, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972] (Sao Paulo [Lepage1938]); Colombia [Figuer1946, Figuer1952, Kondo2001].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 340-341]; BusoliRa1997 [host, distribution, economic importance: 308]; Cocker1902p [taxonomy: 251]; CostaL1928 [host, distribution: 161]; CostaL1936 [catalogue]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Figuer1946 [host, distribution: 200]; Figuer1952 [host, distribution: 206]; Hempel1900a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 407-409]; Hempel1901 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 119]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 190-194]; Kondo2001 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 40]; Lepage1938 [catalogue: 339]; Lizery1938 [taxonomy: 349]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 189]; SilvadGoGa1968 [host, distribution: 135].
Lecanodiaspis russellae Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis russellae Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 195. Type data: ARGENTINA: Cordoba, on Lippia lycioides. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Verbenaceae: Lippia lycioides [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Argentina (Cordoba [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 154 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 341]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 195].
Lecanodiaspis sardoa Targioni TozzettiNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis sardoa Targioni Tozzetti, 1869: 262. Type data: ITALY: Sardinia, Cape Meridionale, Mountain of Seven Brothers, on the branches of Cistus salvifolius. Syntypes, female. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Type material lost.
Lecanodiaspis sardoa; Signoret, 1870: 285. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis sardoa; Cockerell, 1893h: 76. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis sardoa; Borchsenius, 1960d: 234. Misspelling of genus name.
FOE: HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Protyndaricus coccidiphagus Mercet [GomezM1937].
HOSTS: Asteraceae: Cirsium [HowellKo1972]. Cistaceae: Cistus? [Cocker1893h, Melis1930, HowellKo1972, BenDov1980, Martin1984MP, BenDov2009], Cistus "creticus" [HowellKo1972], Cistus "rosmarinifolius" [HowellKo1972], Cistus albidus [HowellKo1972], Cistus heterophyllus [HowellKo1972], Cistus ladaniferus [Neves1936, GomezM1937, GomezM1946, HowellKo1972, Martin1984MP, BenDov2009], Cistus laurifolius atlantica [Rungs1934, HowellKo1972], Cistus monospessulanum [MazzeoLoRu1994], Cistus monspeliensis [Neves1936, HowellKo1972], Cistus rosmarinifolius [Martin1984MP], Cistus salviaefolia [Targio1869, Fernal1903b, Melis1930, Neves1936, HowellKo1972, Martin1984MP, BenDov2009], Cistus salvifolius [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum [HowellKo1972, BenDov2009], Helianthemum confertum [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum elandicum [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum ellipticum [BenDov1980], Helianthemum eremophilum [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum fumana [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum lavandulaefolium [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum racemosum [Martin1984MP], Helianthemum salviaefolius [GomezM1937], Helianthemum sessilifolium [HowellKo1972], Helianthemum squamatum [GomezM1937, GomezM1948, Martin1984MP], Helianthemum umbellatum [HowellKo1972, Martin1984MP], Helianthemum violaceum [Martin1984MP].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: Algeria [HowellKo1972, BenDov2009]; Corsica [Foldi2003]; Croatia [Masten2007]; Cyprus [HowellKo1972, BenDov2009]; France [HowellKo1972, Foldi2000, Foldi2001]; Israel [BenDov1980, BenDov2009]; Italy [HowellKo1972, BarbagBiBo1995, BenDov2009]; Morocco [Rungs1934, HowellKo1972]; Portugal [Neves1936, Seabra1942, HowellKo1972, FrancoRuMa2011]; Sardinia [Targio1869, Melis1930, HowellKo1972, Pelliz2011]; Sicily [MazzeoLoRu1994]; Spain [GomezM1937, GomezM1946, GomezM1968, HowellKo1972, Martin1984MP, BenDov2009]; Tunisia [HowellKo1972]; Turkey [HowellKo1972, BenDov2009].
BIOLOGY: Ovipositing females of this species appear in Israel in March and April (BenDov, 2009).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Ben-Dov 2009: 449 (female) [Lecanodiaspis species in the Mediterranean region]; Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 36 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 29 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: Balach1927 [host, distribution: 176]; Balach1929a [host, distribution: 221]; Balach1930 [host, distribution: 313]; Balach1931a [host, distribution: 99]; Balach1935b [host, distribution: 263]; Balach1937 [host, distribution: 339]; BarbagBiBo1995 [distribution: 46]; BenDov1968 [catalogue, host: 33]; BenDov1980 [host, distribution: 268]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 341-342]; BenDov2009 [taxonomy, host plants, distribution, life history: 449-452]; BenDov2012 [catalogue, distribution, host: 33, 42]; Bodenh1935 [taxonomy: 251, 266, 270]; Bodenh1953a [taxonomy, host, distribution: 135, 138, 158]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 233-236]; Cocker1893h [taxonomy: 76]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; Cocker1896i [taxonomy, distribution: 50]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy: 44]; Foldi2000 [host, distribution: 81]; Foldi2001 [distribution: 303-308]; Foldi2003 [host, distribution: 150]; FrancoRuMa2011 [distribution: 2,17,25]; GomezM1937 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 240-242]; GomezM1946 [host, distribution: 87]; GomezM1948 [host, distribution: 81]; GomezM1954 [host, distribution: 136]; GomezM1957 [host, distribution: 63]; GomezM1958a [host, distribution: 7, 11]; GomezM1960O [host, distribution: 201]; GomezM1965 [host, distribution: 108]; GomezM1968 [host, distribution: 548]; Goux1943b [host, distribution: 131]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 89-94]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 36]; Kirkal1905 [taxonomy: 78]; Leonar1908b [taxonomy, host, distribution: 79]; Leonar1918 [host, distribution: 212]; Leonar1920 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 263-265]; Lindin1910 [taxonomy: 155]; Lindin1912b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 105, 179]; Lindin1914 [taxonomy: 120, 156]; Lindin1931 [taxonomy: 121]; Lindin1935 [taxonomy: 136]; Lindin1937 [taxonomy: 187]; Lindin1943b [taxonomy, host, distribution: 221]; Martin1984MP [taxonomy, host, distribution: 65]; Masten2007 [host, distribution, taxonomy: 1-242]; MazzeoLoRu1994 [host, distribution: 206]; Melis1930 [host, distribution: 14, 15]; Neves1936 [host, distribution: 201]; Paoli1915 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 240]; Pelliz1987 [host, distribution: 118]; Pelliz2011 [distribution: 312]; Rungs1934 [host, distribution: 22]; Rungs1948 [host, distribution: 114]; Seabra1942 [host, distribution: 2]; Signor1870 [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 285]; Steinw1929 [taxonomy: 219]; Targio1869 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 262, 263]; Trabut1911 [taxonomy: 52]; Vayssi1927 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 108]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 89-94].
Lecanodiaspis subterranea Kosztarab & HowellNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis subterranea Kosztarab & Howell, 1978: 49. Type data: AUSTRALIA: New South Wales, Willow Tree, on roots of Bassia quinquecuspis F. v. M. var. quinquecuspis. Holotype female. Type depository: Canberra: Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO Entomology, Australia. Described: female. Illust.
HOST: Chenopodiaceae: Bassia quinquecuspis quinquecuspis [KosztaHo1978].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Australia (New South Wales [KosztaHo1978]).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 342]; KosztaHo1978 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 49-54].
Lecanodiaspis takagii Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis takagii Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 146. Type data: JAPAN: Kyushu Island, Kagoshima, on Ficus pumila. Holotype female. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Araliaceae: Hedera helix [HowellKo1972]. Moraceae: Ficus pumila [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: Japan [HowellKo1972]; South Korea [Paik1978].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 113 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 342]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 146-150]; Paik1978 [taxonomy, distribution: 413].
Lecanodiaspis tapirirae Ferris & KellyNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis tapirirae; Ferris & Kelley, 1923: 316. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis tapirirae Ferris & Kelly, 1923: 316. Type data: MEXICO: Gulf of California, Ceralbo Island, on Tapirira edulis. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis tapirirae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 199. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Anacardiaceae: Tapirira edulis [FerrisKe1923, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Asteraceae: Parophyllum gracilis [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: Mexico [FerrisKe1923, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972] (Baja California Norte [HowellKo1972, Miller1996]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris & Kelley (1923) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 153 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 342-343]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 50-51]; FerrisKe1923 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 316-317]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 199-203]; Miller1996 [catalogue, distribution: 79].
Lecanodiaspis tarsalis NewsteadNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis tarsalis; Newstead, 1917a: 16. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis tarsalis Newstead, 1917a: 16. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Pretoria, on "native tree". Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Hodgson, 1973a: 442. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis tarsalis; Brain, 1920: 118. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis tarsalis; Hall, 1935a: 221. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis tarsalis; Hodgson, 1973a: 442. Change of combination. Notes:
HOSTS: Malvaceae: Hibiscus [Brain1920, Hall1935a, MunroFo1936, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]. Plumbaginaceae: Plumbago [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]. Rubiaceae: Gardenia [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]. Sterculiaceae: Dombeya [Hall1935a, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a], Dombeya rotundifolia [Brain1920, MunroFo1936, Giliom1966, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: South Africa [Newste1917a, Brain1920, MunroFo1936, Giliom1966, HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a]; Zimbabwe [Hall1935a, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 35 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 28 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 15 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 343]; Brain1920 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 118-119]; Giliom1966 [host, distribution: 418]; Hall1935a [host, distribution: 221]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 442-445]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 94-95]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy: 35]; MunroFo1936 [host, distribution: 88]; Newste1917a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 16, 17]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 15, 85-88].
Lecanodiaspis thamnosmae FerrisNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis thamnosmae; Ferris, 1955a: 52. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis thamnosmae Ferris, 1955a: 52. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Riverside County, on Thamnosma montana. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis thamnosmae; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 203. Justified emendation. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Berberidaceae: Berberis [HowellKo1972]. Rutaceae: Thamnosma montana [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: United States of America (California [Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Virginia [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1955a) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 153 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 345-346]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 52-53]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 203-207].
Lecanodiaspis varioseta Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis varioseta Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 207. Type data: PERU: "Coscomba", near Piura, on Hymenaea courbaril. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Hymenaea courbaril [HowellKo1972], Prosopis [HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Peru [HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 153 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: AminAfNa1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 153-169]; BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 344]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 207-212].
Lecanodiaspis yuccae TownsendNOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis yuccae; Townsend, 1892: 13. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecanodiaspis yuccae Townsend, 1892: 13. Type data: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Organ Mountains, on Dasylirion wheeleri. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecaniodiaspis yuccae; Cockerell, 1893h: 76. Misspelling of genus name.
Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) yuccae; Cockerell, 1895u: 730. Change of combination. Notes:
Lecanodiaspis yuccae Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 212. Notes: Correct spelling of genus name.
HOSTS: Agavaceae: Dasylirion [Cocker1893h], Dasylirion wheeleri [Townse1892, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972], Yucca [HowellKo1972], Yucca macrocarpa [Townse1892, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972]. Asteraceae: Parthenium incanum [Fernal1903b].
DISTRIBUTION: Nearctic: United States of America (New Mexico [Townse1892, Cocker1893h, Fernal1903b, Ferris1955a, HowellKo1972], Texas [HowellKo1972]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1955a) and by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 155 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 344]; Cocker1893h [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 76-77]; Cocker1894 [taxonomy: 32, 35]; Cocker1895u [taxonomy: 728, 730]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 327]; Cocker1896h [taxonomy: 19]; Cocker1896i [taxonomy: 50]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Ferris1955a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 54-55]; GilletBa1895 [host, distribution: 127]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 212-217]; MacGil1921 [taxonomy: 189]; RileyHo1892 [host, distribution: 65]; Townse1892 [taxonomy, illustration, host, distribution: 13]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 91-94].
Lecanodiaspis zygophylli HodgsonNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis zygophylli Hodgson, 1973a: 445. Type data: MAURITANIA: Coppolani, on Zygophyllum waterlotii. Holotype female. Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Zygophyllaceae: Zygophyllum waterlotii [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
DISTRIBUTION: Afrotropical: Mauritania [HowellKo1972, Hodgso1973a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Hodgson (1973a).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 344-345]; Hodgso1973a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 445-447]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 106].
Prosopophora DouglasNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora Douglas, 1892a: 207.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Borchsenius (1960d).
KEYS: Borchsenius 1960d: 223-224 (female) [Palearctic region]; Borchsenius 1959a: 841, 845-846 (female) [Geneera of Lecanodiaspididae].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 345]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy: 840-846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description: 223-224]; Dougla1892a [taxonomy, description: 207]; Fuller1897b [taxonomy: 1345]; Fuller1897c [taxonomy: 7]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 418]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85]; Yang1982 [taxonomy: 142].
Prosopophora circularis BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora circularis Borchsenius, 1960d: 226. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, 25km north of Tsindun, on unknown host. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d).
STRUCTURE: This species induces the formation of pits on stems of its undetermined host plant (Borchsenius, 1960d).
KEYS: Borchsenius 1960d: 224 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 345]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 226-229]; GullanMiCo2005 [taxonomy, structure: 168,208-210]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 418]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Prosopophora pasaniae BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora pasaniae Borchsenius, 1960d: 224. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, on branches of Pasania dealbata. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Lecanodiaspis pasaniae; Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 46. Change of combination.
Prosopophora pasaniae; Kozar & Drozdjak, 1998: 418. Revived combination.
HOST: Fagaceae: Pasania dealbata [Borchs1960d].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d) and by Howell et al. (1973).
KEYS: Howell, Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 34-37 (female) [Species of eucalypti group]; Borchsenius 1960d: 224 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 345]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 224-226]; HowellLaKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 46-51]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 418-419]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 45].
Prosopophora peni BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora peni Borchsenius, 1960d: 229. Type data: CHINA: Sichuan Province, on branches of unknown tree. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
Lecanodiaspis peni; Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 20. Change of combination.
Prosopophora peni; Kozar & Drozdjak, 1998: 419. Revived combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Sichuan (=Szechwan) [Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d) and by Lambdin et al (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species of Quercus group]; Borchsenius 1960d: 224 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 345-346]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 229-230]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 419]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 20-24]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 45].
Prosopophora robiniae BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora robiniae Borchsenius, 1960d: 230. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, vicinity of Kunmin, on branches of Robinia pseudoacacia. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
HOST: Fabaceae: Robinia pseudoacacia [Borchs1960d].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d).
KEYS: Borchsenius 1960d: 224 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 346]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 230]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 419]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 45].
Prosopophora tingtunensis BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Prosopophora tingtunensis Borchsenius, 1960d: 231. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan Province, vicinity of Tsindun, on branches of Pasania sp. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
Lecanodiaspis tingtunensis; Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 24. Change of combination.
Prosopophora tingtunensis; Kozar & Drozdjak, 1998: 419. Revived combination.
HOSTS: Fagaceae: Pasania [Borchs1960d], Quercus [LambdiPo2003].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1960d]); Singapore [LambdiPo2003].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1960d) and by Lambdin et al. (1973). Description and illustration of first instar, second-instar female and second-instar male by Lambdin & Podsiadlo (2003).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species of Quercus group]; Borchsenius 1960d: 224 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 346]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 231-233]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 419]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 24-29]; LambdiPo2003 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 179-183]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 45].
Psoraleococcus BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus Borchsenius, 1959a: 841. Type species: Psoraleococcus verrucosus Borchsenius.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1975: 412 (female) [World]; Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 22, 62-63 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 223, 238 (adult) [Palearctic region]; Borchsenius 1959a: 841, 845-846 (female) [Genera of Lecanodiaspididae].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 346]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description: 841,846]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description: 236-238]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 419]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 61-63]; LambdiKo1974 [taxonomy: 409-412]; LambdiKo1988 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 724]; MorrisMo1966; PodsiaLa2001 [taxonomy: 3]; Tao1999 [taxonomy: 47]; WilliaWa1990 [taxonomy, description: 182].
Psoraleococcus browni Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus browni Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1988: 724. Type data: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: on Myrmecodia sp. Holotype female. Type depository: Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Department of Entomology Collection, Hawaii, USA. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
HOST: Rubiaceae: Myrmecodia [LambdiKo1988].
DISTRIBUTION: Australasian: Papua New Guinea [LambdiKo1988].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1988).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 346-347]; LambdiKo1988 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 724-727].
Psoraleococcus costatus BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus costatus Borchsenius, 1959a: 842. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan province, 25 km south of Szemao, in forest, on the stems of an undetermined plant. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
Lecanodiaspis costata; Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 6. Change of combination.
Psoraleococcus costatus; Kozar & Drozdjak, 1998i: 419. Revived combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin et al. (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species of Quercus group]; Borchsenius 1960d: 238 (adult) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 347]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 842]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 239-241]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 419-420]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 6-11]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Psoraleococcus foochowensis (Takahashi)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis cremastogastri foochowensis Takahashi, 1936a: 217. Type data: CHINA: Fujian Province, Foochow [=Fouzhou], on an unknown host. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 11. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Lecanodiaspis foochowensis; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 127. Change of combination and rank.
Psoraleococcus foochowensis; Kozár & Drozdják, 1998i: 420. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Fagaceae: Lithocarpus [Takaha1936a, HowellKo1972], Quercus [Takaha1942b, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Taiwan [Takaha1936a]; Thailand [Takaha1942b]. Palaearctic: China [Takaha1936a].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin et al. (1973). Description of adult female by Takahashi (1936a, 1942b).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1973: 4-6 (female) [Species of Quercus group].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 347]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 236]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 127]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 420]; LambdiHoKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 11-16]; Takaha1936a [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 217-218]; Takaha1942b [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 16]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 44].
Psoraleococcus lombokanus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus lombokanus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 63. Type data: INDONESIA: Lombok, at Rampoeng (45 km east of Mataram), on Annona muricata. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female.
HOST: Annonaceae: Annona muricata [LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Lombok [LambdiKo1973]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 63 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 347]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 63, 63-68]; PodsiaLa2001 [taxonomy: 3].
Psoraleococcus morrisoni (Takahashi)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis morrisoni Takahashi, 1950: 70. Type data: INDONESIA: Riau Islands, Rempang, on an unknown plant. Lectotype female, by subsequent designation Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab, 1976: 49. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Psoraleococcus morrisoni; Borchsenius, 1960d: 236. Change of combination.
Lecanodiaspis morrisoni; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 219. Change of combination.
Psoraleococcus morrisoni; Howell & Kosztarab, 1972: 219. Change of combination.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [Takaha1950, HowellKo1972, LambdiHoKo1976]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin et al. (1976). Description and illustration of first instar and the second instar female by Podsiadlo & Lambdin (2003).
KEYS: Lambdin, Howell & Kosztarab 1976: 53 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 348]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 236]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 219]; LambdiHoKo1976 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 49-54]; PodsiaLa2003 [taxonomy, description, illustration: 335-342]; PodsiaLa2005 [taxonomy: 127-132]; Takaha1950 [taxonomy, description, illustration, distribution: 70].
Psoraleococcus multicribratus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus multicribratus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 68. Type data: INDONESIA: Sumatra, on Piper nigrum. Holotype female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female.
HOST: Piperaceae: Piper nigrum [LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sumatra [LambdiKo1973]).
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 348]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 63, 68-73]; PodsiaLa2001 [taxonomy: 3].
Psoraleococcus multipori (Morrison)NOMENCLATURE:
Anomalococcus multipori Morrison, 1921: 641. Type data: SINGAPORE: on Nephelium lappaceum. Holotype. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA.
Psoraleococcus multipori; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 73. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Arecaceae: Oncosperma horridum [LambdiKo1973]. Dipterocarpaceae [Lit1997b]. Sapindaceae: Nephelium lappaceum [Morris1921, LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Indonesia (Sulawesi (=Celebes) [Gavril2013], Sumatra [Green1930c]); Philippines (Palawan [Lit1997b]); Singapore [Morris1921, LambdiKo1973].
BIOLOGY: Morrison (1921) recorded this species in association with ants, Green (1930c) from nests of Dolichoderus carbonarius latisquama in Sumatra, while Takahashi (1929, 1950) reported that it was protected by Crematogaster rogenhoferi.
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Morrison (1921) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: Adult female occurring on the stems of the host, beneath shelters of ants. "... enclosed in a dark-brownish or reddish sac, which is irregular in shape, circular to oval, usually broader behind, somewhat convex; typically with rounded, clear, shining, median, longitudinal ridge, bordered on each side by a pitted longitudinal groove of varying distinctness; all the surface except the median ridge covered over with white wax, which becomes thick and almost platelike along the margin, while varying in thickness in different spots dorsally ..." (Morrison, 1921).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 62 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 348]; Gavril2013 [distribution: 83]; Green1930c [host, distribution: 280]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 62, 73-79]; Lit1997b [taxonomy, host, distribution: 93]; Morris1921 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 641-644]; PodsiaLa2001 [taxonomy: 3].
Psoraleococcus quercus (Cockerell)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) quercus Cockerell, 1896h: 19. Type data: JAPAN: Tokyo, on Quercus sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA. Described: female. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis. Cockerell (1896i:51) again described this species as n.sp.
Prosopophora quercus; Maskell, 1897a: 243. Change of combination.
Psoraleococcus quercus; Borchsenius, 1960d: 241. Change of combination.
FOE: HYMENOPTERA Encyrtidae: Cerapterocroides japonicus Ashmead [Tachik1984].
HOSTS: Fagaceae: Castanea [Takaha1956c, HowellKo1972], Castanea pubinervis [TakahaTa1956, HowellKo1972], Castanopsis [HowellKo1972], Lithocarpus glaber [HowellKo1972], Pasania [Borchs1960d], Pasania glabra [Kuwana1902, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972], Quercus [Cocker1896h, Cocker1896i, Borchs1960d, WilliaKo1970, HowellKo1972], Quercus acuta [Kuwana1902, Fernal1903b, TakahaTa1956, HowellKo1972], Quercus cuspidata [Maskel1897a, HowellKo1972], Quercus glauca [TakahaTa1956, HowellKo1972], Quercus phillyraeoides [TakahaTa1956, HowellKo1972], Quercus salicifolia [Maskel1897a, Kuwana1902, HowellKo1972], Quercus salicina [HowellKo1972], Quercus sessilifolia [Kuwana1902, Fernal1903b, HowellKo1972], Shiia [Takaha1956c].
DISTRIBUTION: Palaearctic: Japan [Cocker1896b, Fernal1903b, Tachik1955, HowellKo1972]; North Korea [HowellKo1972]; South Korea [Paik1978].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972). Description and illustration of first-instar nymph by Williams & Kosztarab (1970).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 112 (female) [World]; Williams & Kosztarab 1970: 14 (first-instar nymph) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 349]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 241]; Cocker1896b [taxonomy: 141]; Cocker1896h [taxonomy, description, host, distribution: 19]; Cocker1896i [taxonomy: 50]; Fernal1903b [catalogue: 56]; Hartma1916 [taxonomy : 93]; HashimHiMu1971 [chemistry: 100-109]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 141-146]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 420]; Kuwana1902 [host, distribution: 48]; Kuwana1907 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 179]; Kuwana1917a [taxonomy: 168]; Maskel1897a [host, distribution : 243]; Paik1978 [taxonomy, distribution: 413]; Tachik1955 [host, distribution: 52]; Tachik1984 [biological control: 41-44]; Takaha1929 [taxonomy: 49]; Takaha1956c [taxonomy, distribution: 4]; TakahaTa1956 [host, distribution: 2]; WilliaKo1970 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 14, 72-76]; XieXuZh2004a [chemistry: 512-518].
Psoraleococcus verrucosus BorchseniusNOMENCLATURE:
Psoraleococcus verrucosus Borchsenius, 1959a: 842. Type data: CHINA: Yunnan province, 8 km north of Szemao, in forest, on stems of an undetermined stems. Holotype female. Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia. Described: female. Illust.
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: China (Yunnan [Borchs1959a, Borchs1960d, LambdiKo1973]); Taiwan [new].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Borchsenius (1959a; 1960d) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973). Description and illustration of first instar nymph by Podsiadlo & Lambdin (2001).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 63 (female) [World]; Borchsenius 1960d: 238 (female) [Palearctic region].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 349]; Borchs1959a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 842]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 237-239]; KozarDr1998i [catalogue: 420]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 63, 79-84]; PodsiaLa2001 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 3-8]; PodsiaLa2005 [taxonomy: 127-132]; Tao1999 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 47].
Pterococcus Howell & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Pterococcus Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 1358. Type species: Lecanodiaspis duriana Takahashi, by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Howell & Kosztarab (1973) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 23 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 350]; HowellKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 1358]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 14]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 84]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85].
Pterococcus durianus (Takahashi)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis duriana Takahashi, 1952: 11. Type data: MALAYSIA: Selangor, Ulu Gombak, on a branch of Durio sp. Syntypes, female. Type depository: Sapporo: Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Japan. Described: female. Illust. Notes: Misspelling of genus name as Lecaniodiaspis.
Pterococcus durianus; Howell & Kosztarab, 1973: 1358. Change of combination.
HOST: Bombacaceae: Durio [HowellKo1972, Takaha1952].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: Malaysia [Takaha1952, HowellKo1972].
BIOLOGY: Protected within shelters by Crematogaster or attended by Oecophylla imaragdina.
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell and Kosztarab (1972).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 350]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 236]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 106-110]; HowellKo1973 [taxonomy: 1358]; Takaha1952 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 11].
Stictacanthus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Stictacanthus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 84. Type species: Lecanodiaspis azadirachtae Green, by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 23 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 350]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 15]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 84-90]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85].
Stictacanthus azadirachtae (Green)NOMENCLATURE:
Lecaniodiaspis azadirachtae Green, 1909a: 298. Type data: SRI LANKA: Jaffna, on Azadirachta indica. Syntypes, female. Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK. Described: female. Illust. Notes:
Prosopophora azadirachtae; Borchsenius, 1960d: 298. Change of combination.
Stictacanthus azadirachtae; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 85. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Fabaceae: Derris elliptica [Reyne1954, HowellKo1972, LambdiKo1973], Derris malaccensis [HowellKo1972, LambdiKo1973]. Meliaceae: Azadirachta indica [Green1909a, HowellKo1972].
DISTRIBUTION: Oriental: India [HowellKo1972]; Indonesia (Sumatra [Reyne1954, HowellKo1972]); Sri Lanka [Green1909a, HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Howell & Kosztarab (1972) and by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
STRUCTURE: This species induces shallow pits on young stems of Azadirachta indica (Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973).
KEYS: Howell & Kosztarab 1972: 97 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 350]; Borchs1960d [taxonomy: 224]; Green1909a [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 298]; Green1937 [host, distribution: 287]; GullanMiCo2005 [taxonomy, structure: 168,208-210]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 99-103]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 84-90]; Ramakr1921a [host, distribution: 342]; Reyne1954 [host, distribution : 239]; Sassce1911 [taxonomy: 63].
Virgulicoccus Lambdin & KosztarabNOMENCLATURE:
Virgulicoccus Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 90. Type species: Birchippia americana Leonardi, by monotypy and original designation.
GENERAL REMARKS: Definition and characters by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
KEYS: Lambdin & Kosztarab 1973: 23 (female) [World].
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 351]; KosztaBeKo1986 [taxonomy: 17]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description: 90-96]; Leonar1911 [taxonomy: 246]; Wang1982TC [taxonomy: 85].
Virgulicoccus americanus (Leonardi)NOMENCLATURE:
Birchippia americana Leonardi, 1911: 246. Type data: ARGENTINA: Cacheuta, on Larrea divaricata and on Larrea cuneata. Syntypes. Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy. Illust. Notes:
Lecanodiaspis americana; Lindinger, 1931a: 44,90. Change of combination. Notes:
Virgulicoccus americanus; Lambdin & Kosztarab, 1973: 91. Change of combination.
HOSTS: Caricaceae: Jarilla [LambdiKo1973]. Zygophyllaceae: Larrea cuneifolia [Leonar1911, Lizery1939, LambdiKo1973], Larrea divaricata [Leonar1911, Morris1919, HowellKo1972, LambdiKo1973].
DISTRIBUTION: Neotropical: Argentina (Cordoba [LambdiKo1973], Mendoza [Leonar1911, Morris1919, LambdiKo1973], San Juan [LambdiKo1973]); Puerto Rico & Vieques Island [HowellKo1972].
GENERAL REMARKS: Description and illustration of adult female by Lambdin & Kosztarab (1973).
CITATIONS: BenDov2006b [taxonomy, catalogue: 351]; Chiesa1942 [host, distribution : 204]; HowellKo1972 [taxonomy, host, distribution: 217-218]; LambdiKo1973 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 91-96]; Leonar1911 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 246-248]; Lindin1931a [taxonomy : 44, 90]; Lizery1939 [host, distribution: 178]; Morris1919 [taxonomy, description, illustration, host, distribution: 67-68].
Species Removed from Family
Austrolichtensia hakearumNo valid record found for this speciesNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis hakearum Fuller, 1897c: 7. Removed from family by Fuller, 1899: 458. Notes: Current status: Austrolichtensia hakearum (Fuller, 1897) in the Coccidae.
Cerococcus artemisiaeNo valid record found for this speciesNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis artemisiae Cockerell, 1897w: 514. Removed from family by Ferris, 1955a: 32. Notes: Current status: Cerococcus artemisiae in the Cerococcidae.
Cerococcus parrottiNo valid record found for this speciesNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis parrotti Hunter, 1899a: 220. Removed from family by Howell, Williams & Kosztarab, 1971: 1. Notes: Current status: Cerococcus parrotti in the Cerococcidae.
Lecanopsis aphenogastrorumNo valid record found for this speciesNOMENCLATURE:
Lecanodiaspis aphenagosterum Balachowsky, 1935b: 264. Notes: Current status: Lecanopsis aphenogastrorum Gómez-Menor Ortega in the Coccidae.