Yu, D.S., Luck, R.F., & Murdoch, W.W. 1990 Competition, resource partitioning and coexistence of an endoparasitoid Encarsia perniciosi and an ectoparasitoid Aphytis melinus of the California red scale.. Ecological Entomology 15(4): 469-480.

Notes: Abstract: Encarsia parasitized all stages of Aonidiella aurantii but it preferred first and second instar scales; Aphytis melinus parasitized second and third instar females and second instar males but preferred third instar females; Encarsia did not distinguish between unparasitized hosts and those previously parasitized by Aphytis; Encarsia always outcompeted by Aphytis when both species parasitized the same host; Encarsia preferred scale on stems; Aphytis preferred scale on leaves and fruit. Keywords: biological control/males.