Williams, D.J., & Kondo, T. 2009 Discussion on an earlier name and author for the Tuliptree Scale Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin) (Hem., Coccoidea, Coccidae).. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 145: 69-72

Notes: In a recent article (Kondo & Williams, 2008) designating a neotype for the tuliptree scale Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin) from Auburn, Alabama, U.S.A., on Liriodendron tulipifera L., we also redescribed and illustrated the species. Gmelin (1790: 2220) listed this species as Coccus liriodendri on Liriodendron tulipifera L. and quoted an article by Hill (1753) who had described the species from England as living on a tulip tree that had been imported from the U.S.A. earlier. The article quoted by Gmelin is in German and was actually a translation of an English article by Hill (1752) but, nevertheless, the action by Gmelin validated the name. The colony of the scale insect in England must have died out on the tree soon after it was described because the species has never been recorded from England or even the rest of Europe since. We have found only recently that Goeze (1778: 343) listed this species as Coccus liriodendron and quoted the same article by Hill (1753) thus also validating the name as Coccus liriodendron Goeze. We regard the specific name liriodendron to be a noun in apposition and sufficiently different from the genitive singular specific name liriodendri coined by Gmelin. There is no evidence that Gmelin knew that Goeze had used a similar name previously. In this situation it is reasonable to assume that Goeze and Gmelin proposed similar names independently for the same organism, so that these names are here regarded as synonyms. The combination Coccus liriodendron Goeze has never been used or listed in subsequent scale insect literature since Goeze described the species in 1778. On the other hand the name Coccus liriodendri Gmelin and its later combination Toumeyella liriondendri (Gmelin) have been widely used in the U.S.A. in taxonomic and economic literature, and the species is well known as a destructive pest on Liriodendron and Magnolia (both Magnoliaceae). We regard, therefore, that the older name Coccus liriodendron Goeze to be a nomen oblitum and the name Coccus liriodendri Gmelin to be a nomen protectum. To comply with the provisions of Article 23.9.1.1. of The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) we regard the older name Coccus liriodendron Goeze to be a nomen oblitum because the name has not been used since 1899. We regard the younger name Coccus liriodendri Gmelin to be the valid name and to be a nomen protectum. Article 23.9.1.2., however, requires us to quote at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and we list the following works using the present combination Toumeyella liriodendri (Gmelin): Ben-Dov (1993: 329), Burns (1964: 137), Burns & Davidson (1966: 1071), Burns & Donley (1970: 228), Donley & Burns (1965: 1), Giliomee (1997: 139), Gill (1988: 111), Gullan (1997: 359), Hamon & Williams (1984: 119), Hodgson (1994: 13; 1995: 49), Johnson & Lyon (1988), Kosztarab (1996: 391), Kozar (1998: 161), Kozar & Walter (1985: 78), Lambdin (1994: 387), Lambdin & Watson (1980), Matile-Ferrero (1997: 7), Miller (1985), Miller & Williams (1997: 51), Scheffer & Williams (1990), Simpson & Lambdin (1983: 2), Stimmel (1977: 13), Tremblay (1997:260), Vranjic (1997: 324), Watson et al. (1994),Williams (1997: 46), Williams & Kosztarab (1972: