Wang, C.H., Chen, G.H., Tao, M., & Shi, Y.J. 2006 Studies on the spatial distribution of parasitic wasps on Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green in Kunming.. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University 21(3): 311-314.

Notes: Five species of wasps (Anicetus ohgushii, Metaphycus pulvinariae, Coccophagus hawaiiensis, Tetrastichus ceroplastae [Aprostocetus ceroplastae] and Pachyneuron bonum) parasitic on Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus were identified under laboratory and field conditions in Kunming, Yunnan, China. A. ohgushii and M. pulvinariae were the most abundant, constituting 88.1% of the population of parasitic wasps. The parasitism rate was 13.4%, on average. The rate of parasitism was higher on the upper than on the lower twigs, and on the shaded portion than on the eutropic or middle portions of Euonymus japonicus. Analysis based on aggregation index, and Taylor's and Iwao's laws revealed that the parasitic wasps showed an aggregated type of distribution.