Walker, P.W., & Allsopp, P.G. 1993 Factors influencing populations of Eumargarodes laingi and Promargarodes spp. (Hemiptera: Margarodidae).. Environmental Ecology 22(2): 362-367.

Notes: Abstract: This survey revealed E. laingi cyst numbers were influenced by soil type; Promargarodes spp. numbers did not differ between soil types, but there were differences between cultivars; there were more cysts of these two species in older crops; number of times the previous fallow was plowed and rotary hoed influenced E. laingi numbers, but not Promargarodes spp. numbers; Promargarodes spp. numbers were not influenced by insecticide applications; soil pH and electrical conductivity, ripping during fallow, type of irrigation, and nematicides did not affect numbers of either species.