Viggiani, G. 1991 Nuova minaccia peri lecci delle aree urbane: la Nidularia pulvinata. [New threat to holm oak in urban areas: Nidularia pulvinata.]. Informatore Agrario 47: 42, 67-70.

Notes: Notable infestations of Nidularia pulvinata were observed on holm oak (Quercus ilex) in various cities in central and southern Italy from 1986 onwards. Populations of the kermesid were found covering the trunks and branches of the trees. Notes are given on the morphology, biology, natural enemies, damage and control of the pest. The principal natural enemies of N. pulvinata were the coccinellid predator Exochomus quadripustulatus and the encyrtid parasitoid Microterys dichrous. The most favourable period for chemical control corresponded to the peak occurrence of the young stags, which in various areas of south central Italy was in May. Among the chemical methods available, it is recommended that light oils are used at the standard dose.