Turner, J.C.L. 2004 . Biology and management of Allokermes kingii (Hemiptera: Kermesidae) on oak trees. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Florida, USA Florida i-vii, 55 pp.

Notes: Kermesid scales (Allokermes spp.), which resemble galls or buds, typically infest oak trees, Quercus spp. Their feeding causes branch dieback, flagging, reduced growth rates, and occasionally tree death. We sought to determine their life history and management in Florida, which was thought to differ from northern states. Shoot samples were collected biweekly, and the number and life stages of scales, and presence of natural enemies were recorded. We also conducted an insecticide trial in May 2003, corresponding to the presence of first and second instar A. kingii. Shoot samples were collected biweekly, and nymphal survival was determined. Hydrocarbons extracted from male tests were collected and analyzed with the use of a gas chromatography. The chemical composition of the fatty acids and methyl esters from the male test were also analyzed.