Tao, M., Chen, G.H., Yang, B.L., & Huang, J.H. 2003 [Studies on life history of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell and its natural enemies in Kunming.]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences 16(3): 38-41.

Notes: C. rubens is an important insect pest of some ornamental plants and fruit trees. It had one generation a year in Kunming, China. The most abundant population of its first-instar nymph was observed from early to mid-May and adult emergence was observed in the end of August. The impregnated female adults overwintered. Four species of its predatory natural enemies belonged to Coccinellidae and Chrysopidae, and 17 species of its parasitic natural enemies belonging to Eulophidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Aphelinidae and Eupelmidae. Tetrastichus ceroplasteae was the most important parasitoid of the pest, which accounted for 42.55% of all parasitoids, followed by Anysis saissetiae and Blastothrix sp., accounting for 20.33% and 14.63%, respectively. The change of population density of the three parasitoids above would affect the fluctuation of the whole parasitoid community.