Takagi, S., & Howell, J.O. 1977 The genus Quernaspis, a possible Asio-American element in scale insect biogeography (Homoptera: Coccoidea).. Insecta Matsumurana (New Series) 11: 31-59.

Notes: Discuss three North American and three East Asian species, including three new species; key to adult males and second instar males; relationship among species; taxonomic notes.